医学英语往年试题.docx

医学英语往年试题.docx

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医学英语往年试题

ThismanuscriptwasrevisedbytheofficeonDecember22,2012

医学英语往年试题

ExaminationPaper

（Formedicalstudents）

学号________姓名_______分数_________

I.Choosethecorrectmeaningforeachprefixorsuffix.8%

1.masto–A.breast.B.womb.C.menses.D.orary

2.extra–A.inside.B.outside.C.across.D.backward

3.spleno–A.cell.B.bonemarrow.C.thymus.D.spleen

4.–ectomyA.cutting.B.stomy.C.cuttingout.D.outlet–forming

5.dermo–A.skin.B.below.C.under.D.cuti

6.proteo–A.sweet.B.bile.C.protein.D.fat

7.chromo–A.time.B.color.C.for.D.disease

8.necro–A.life.B.colour.C.time.D.dead.

II.Fillingintheblankswithproperwords.8%

9.Wewillusetheterm________torefertothedatathatcanbegatheredaboutanindividualpatient,namely,symptoms,signs,andlaboratoryabnormalities.

10.__________________arethosediseasescharacterizedbystructuralchangeswithinthebodyasthemostbasicabnormality.

11.Thesurgeonshouldneverleavetheoperatingroomareauntilthereportisdictated,unlesshisorher___________isrequiredforanemergencyelsewhere.

12.Thefunctionofthe______________istoprotectusfromorganismsthatcausedisease,andfromothermaterialsthatwouldbeharmfultothebody.

13.AIDS,abbreviationof________________________________________,isaviraldiseasethatimpairstheimmunesystemofthehumanbody,leavingitpreytoagreatvarietyofinfectionsthatwouldbereadilysuppressedbyafunctioningimmunesystem.

14.Approximately10%ofthepatients_______breastcancerpresentwithahistoryoftrauma.

15.Obesityinchildrenandadolescentsmaybeassociatedwithsociopsychologic____________.

16.MostpeoplewhohaverecentlybeeninfectedbyHIVlookandfeelperfect___________.

III.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.8%

17.Geneticanddevelopmentaldiseases_______________.

a.coverawiderangeofabnormalities

b.areinfluencedbyenvironmentsoastoappearearlyinlife

c.aredefinedasinjuries,inflammation,orevenneoplasms

d.arecausedbybiochemicalchangespresentatbirth

18.Structuralchangeswithinthebody________.

a.arethemostbasicabnormality

b.areusuallyatthemicroscopicorelectronmicroscopiclevel

c.maybeeitherbiochemicalormorphologic

d.aredifficulttoclassify

19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsarenottrue

a.Structuraldiseasessometimesfallintomorethanonecategory.

b.Structuraldiseasesarenotalwaystoclassify.

c.Structuraldiseasesusuallyfallintomoreofthethreebroadcategories.

d.Structuraldiseasesarecalledlesionsthatmaybebiochemicalormorphologic.

20.Theauthorsuggeststhatallofthefollowingmeansbeusedtohelpchildrenwithelevatedbloodcholesterollevelsexcept________.

a.formalnutritioncounseling

b.regularfollow-up,includingmeasurementofbloodlevels.

c.dietaryinterventionsasfirsttherapy

d.lipid-loweringmedications

21.Theonethingthattheauthordoesnotrecommendisthat_________.

a.youngpeopleshouldbescreenedtodetectelevatedbloodcholesterollevels

b.alow-fat,balanceddietshouldbecomethenorm

c.effortstolowerfatinfoodshouldbeencouraged

d.dietaryeducationshouldbepromoted

22.WhichofthefollowingistrueofthestudentsinthecontroloftheDISC

a.Theyshowedthesamereductionsinbloodlipidlevels.

b.Theymadechangestowardhealthierbehaviors.

c.Theywereawareofthehighrisksofthestudy.

d.Theymadeinformationinthistrialavailabletophysicians.

23.HowdoesHIVdamagestheimmunesystem

a.ByintegratingwithandtakingoverRNAofcells.

b.Byinfiltratingandbloodstream.

c.ByinfectinganddamaginghelperTcells.

d.ByincreasingthecrucialactivitiesofthekillerTcells.

24.TheauthorbelievedthatthebestwaytocheckthespreadoftheAIDSis__________.

a.toconductglobaleducationaboutthedisease

b.totreattheknowncaseswithAZT

c.tolimittheprocessofthedisease

d.tousecondomsandother“safesex”practices

IV.Readingcomprehension.30%

PassageA

HIVisspreadortransmittedfromthepersontoanotherbybodilyfluidssuchasbloods,semenandvaginalfluid.Thishappenedintwomainways:

1.bysexualintercoursewithaninfectedperson.

Theviruscanbetransmittedwhenaninfectedindividualhassexualintercoursewithanotherperson.Thelagerthenumberofsexualpartnersandindividualhas,themorelikelyheorsheistohaveapartnerwhohasHIVinfection,therebyincreasingthechancesofbecominginfected.

Thevirusispassedonmoreeasilybyanalintercoursethanbyvaginalintercourse.Theinfectioncanbetransmittednotonlyfrommantomanandmantowoman,butalsofromwomantoman.

Althoughtransmissionismorelikelytooccurfrommalestofemalesthanfromfemalestomales,theriskoffemaletomaketransmissionissignificant.

2.byinfectedbloodandbloodproducts.

AlthoughtransmissionofHIVhasoccurredthroughtransfusionsofinfectedbloodandbloodproductsinthepast,donationstotheRedCrossBloodTransfusionServicearenowroutinelytestedforHIVantibodies.ThisscreeningandothermeasuresintroducedbytheRedCrossBloodTransfusionServicemakethechancesofanyonebeinginfectedthoughthisroutevery,veryslim.

a.Transmissionthroughbloodfromapersoninfectedwithvirusoccurswheninfectedneedlesand/orsyringesaresharedbypeopleusingillicitdrugs.

b.ThereisabsolutelynoriskofblooddonorsacquiringHIVinfectionbygivingbloodtotheRedCrossTransfusionService.

3.frommothertobabyduringpregnancy.

Thevirusisverylikelytobepassedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringpregnancy.Thereisalsoapossibilityofthevirusbeingtransmittedthroughbreastmilk.WomenwhointendtobecomepregnantshouldconsiderhavinganHIVantibodytest.

WedoknowhowthevirusisNOTspread:

ItisNOTspreadthroughtheair.Youcannotbecomeinfectedbybreathingtheairbreathedoutbyaninfectedpersonortheairfromanairconditioner.

ItisNOTspreadthroughpeopleswallowinginfectedliquids.HIVhasbeenfoundinsaliva,butinfectiondoesNOTtakeplacethroughusingcups,glasses,plates,othercrockeryorcutlerywhichhasbeenusedbypeoplewithAIDS.ThereisnoevidencethatHIVcanbeacquiredbyintimatekissing.

ItisNOTspreadbymosquitoes.StudiesintheUSAhaveNOTlinkedthespreadofHIVwithmosquitoes.

25.HIVcannotbespread.

a.bysemenb.byfood

c.byvaginalfluidd.bybreastmilk

26.Thevirusispassedonmoreeasily.

a.byvaginalintercourseb.byanalintercourse

c.bypersonalcontactd.bymosquitoes

27.HIVcanbemoreeasilytransmitted.

a.frommaletofemalesb.fromfemalestomales

c.fromanmothertoherchildd,fromsaliva

28.Womenwhointendtobecomepregnantshouldconsider.

a,havinganHIVantibodytestb.havingbloodtest

c.receivingabloodtransfusiond.breadfeeding

29.HIVcanbespread.

a.throughusingcups,glasses,plates…b.breathingtheinfectedair

c.throughtheaird.duringpregnancy

PassageB

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis（telemedicine）willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-theshelfPDA（personaldataassistance）suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse----especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld----CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationsatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

30.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe_____.

a.personaldataassistance

b.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

c.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

d.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

31.Thesentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.

a.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

b.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

c.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

d.littlekidsoftencriedandaskediftherewasdoctorinthehouse

32.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat_____.

a.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

b.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone

c.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

d.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

33.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat_____.

a.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

b.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

c.communicationsatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

d.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

34.A