考研英语一试题.docx
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考研英语一试题.docx
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考研英语一试题
2020年考研英语
(一)试题
Section ⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncethecase,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthenation'sgreattraditions:
theSundayroast.__1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan__2__it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?
__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.
1.AInBTowardsCOnDTill
2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence
3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern
4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed
5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled
6.AunderBatCforDby
7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid
8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially
9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile
10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative
11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow
12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto
13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate
14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall
15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern
16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused
17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral
18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully
19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition
20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup
Section ⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.
A.consolidatethetowncitytilesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns
D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattempt
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublish
theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround £500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthesearticlepreparationcosts’’ hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause________
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________
[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.
[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.
[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.
30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?
[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.
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