全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandnarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
①In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.②Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowshop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.
Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect,”theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.
①Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.
Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.
Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.
A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.
①Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricanalysis.
TheHawthorneexperimentshadanothersurpriseinstore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.
①Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationsofwhathappened.
15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.
WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.
18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondays.
Workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.
Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown.
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed
12.[A]Contraryto[B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith[D]Peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile
19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
①OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.
①Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.②Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.③Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.
①WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.②Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.③Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.④Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.⑤“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’.”
①Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.②NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.③Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.④Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.⑤Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.
①IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?
②Theprospectseemsremote.③Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.④Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.
21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that
[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers
[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews
[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders
[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies
22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby
[A]freethemes
[B]casualstyle
[C]elaboratelayout
[D]radicalviewpoints
23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?
[A]Itiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.
[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.
[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.
[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.
24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.
[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.
[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.
[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.
25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays
[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers
[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism
[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory
Text2
①Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.②Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.③MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.④Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.
①Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.②Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzz,theU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.③InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal,”saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchoolofLaw.④It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”
①Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwastheFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.②Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemergingInternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.③Later,moreestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.④In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatents,despitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.⑤Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfirmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.
①TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.②TheFederalCircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsStateStreetBankruling.
①TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbytheSupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.②LastApril,forexample,thejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.③ThejudgesontheFederalCircuitare“reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt,”saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusinesses.
[B
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