口译当中的跨文化交际.docx

口译当中的跨文化交际.docx

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口译当中的跨文化交际

存档编号

赣南师范学院学士学位论文

Cross-culturalCommunication

InInterpretation

口译当中的跨文化交际

教学学院外国语学院

届别2011届

专业英语

学号070402270

姓名陈凯

指导老师陈萍

完成日期2010年12月日

Content

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...2

Keywords………………………………………………………....................................2

I．Briefintroductionofinterpretation……………………………………………….3

1.1Whatinterpretationmeans………………………………………………………3

1.2Standardsofinterpretation………………………………………………………3

1.3Culturecontentsininterpretation……………………………………..................3

1.3.1Thecommonculturalcontentsofetiquette……………………………..…….3

1.3.2Basiccontentofuniqueculture……………………………………………...4

II.Briefintroductiontocross-culturalcommunication……………………………..5

2.1Whatiscross-culturalcommunication…………………………………………...5

2.2Differentcognitivebehaviorandcross-culturalmisunderstanding……………...5

III.EffectsofculturaldifferencesbetweenwesternworldandChina……………..6

3.1Geographicaldifferences…………………………………………………………6

3.2Differenceofhistoryinculture…………………………………………………..6

3.3Differencesofcustomsinculture………………………………………………...6

3.4Differencesofreligion…………………………………………………………...6

3.5Differenceofconceptofvalue…………………………………………………...6

3.6Differencesinwaysofthinking………………………………………………….7

3.6.1Indirectwayanddirectwayofexpressionandthinking………………………7

3.6.2Westernerspaymoreattentiontoanalyze,while

Chinesepaymoreattentiontooverall……………………………………………7

3.7GenerallyconclusionofdifferencebetweenwesternworldandChina.................7

IV.Howtotraincross-culturalcommunication.

4.1ReadBible………………………………………………………………………..8

4.1.1What’sBible…………………………………………………………………....8

4.1.2WhyweneedtolearnBible………………………………………....................9

4.1.3HowtouseBibleforcross-culturalcommunicationininterpretation................9

4.2ReadsomeChineseClassics……………………………………………………..9

4.3Otherdifficultincross-culturalcommunicationininterpretation……………….9

4.3.1Interpretationofproverb…………………………………………………………………….10

4.3.2Interpretationofidiom………………………………………………………….10

V．Strategyofurgentsituationininterpretation

5.1Threemeasurestowardsthesituationof

otunderstandingthesourcelanguage……………………………………………….11

5.2DomesticationandForeignizingininterpretation………………………………..11

5.2.1Domesticationininterpretation………………………………………………...11

5.2.2Foreignizingininterpretation……………………………………………….12

Abstract

Asweallknow,differentnationalitieshavedifferentcultures,therearesomesimilaritiesamongthem,butalsosomedifferences.Thereareconnectionsamongdifferentcultures,butalsohaveuniqueculturalelements.Itissuchakindofcommonlinkprovidesthefoundationandpossibilityforinterpretation.Whiledifferentcultureswithuniquecharacteristicsconstitutetheobstacleforculturalexchange.Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyofinterpretationmeansthedifficultyofexpressionofculturalbackgroundknowledgeandunderstanding.Interpretationisclearlynotjustaspokenlanguageconversionprocess,butalsoaculturalcommunication,conversationandtheprocessofintegration.Thereisasignificantrelationshipbetweeninterpretationandculturalfactors,backgroundknowledgeaswellastheinherentvalues.Andmeanwhileinterpretationaffectedtheirinfluenceandlimitedbythem.Therefore,inordertoabideandpursuitofthreestandardsofinterpretation,namelyaccurateandfluent,wemustmaketheappropriatecross-culturalcommunicationtraining.Thepaperfocusesonhowtotraincross-culturalcommunicationskillsinthetrainingofinterpretationtomeetthecompleteneedsofhigh-qualityinterpretation.

Keywords:

interpretation,cross-culturalcommunication,thecommongroundanddifferencebetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture.

I.Briefintroductiontointerpretation.

1.1Whatinterpretationmeans

Interpretation,essentially,meansanextemporeoralproduction,inonelanguage,ofwhatissaidinanotherlanguage.Tothismaybeaddedthefollowingtwopointsofclarification.

（1）Asprovedbypractice,interpretationcannotbeviewedasamerelylinguisticunderstanding,butshouldberegardedasanaspectofalargerdomainnamely,thatofcommunication.Inthecaseofcomplexdiscoursesorspeeches,interpretationinvolvesnotonlylinguisticproficiency,butalsoencyclopedicknowledge.

（2）Afewwordsontheuseofterms.IntheUnitedNations,theterm“interpretation”，whentheimmediateresultisaspeechreproducedorallyinalanguageotherthanthatspokenbytheoriginalspeaker.

I.2Standardsofinterpretation.

Therearetwocriteriatomeasurethemeritsofinterpretation:

first,accurate,andthesecondisfluent.First,theinterpretationmustbeaccurate.Accurateisthesoulofinterpretation.Accuracyrequiresinterpretertransformstheinformationofthesourcelanguageintacttothetargetlanguage.Accuratetargetlanguageshouldbewhilemaintainingtheoriginalmeaningoflanguageanditsstyle.Accurateinterpretationisnotonlyaguaranteeofsuccessfulbilingualcommunication,butalsothedemonstrationofinterpreter’sethicsandprofessionalstandards

Fluencyistheothermajorstandardwhichinterpretermustfollow,ifaccurateisthebasicrequirementalsooftranslation,andthenthefluentwillfullyreflectthecharacteristicsofinterpretation.Thefluencyofinterpretationincludingthespeedofperceptionandtranslatorparsingspeed,andwiththeencodingandexpressionofthetargetlanguage

1.3Culturecontentsininterpretation

Languageisapartofcultureandthereforeinterpretingfromonelanguageintoanothercannotbedonesatisfactorilywithoutadequateknowledgeofthetwoculturesinvolved.Theculturefactorsininterpretingaremoresignificantthanthepurelylinguisticdifferences.Themostseriousmistakesininterpretingareusuallymadenotbecauseofverbalinadequacy,butofwrongculturalassumptions.Thereforeindeterminethemeaningofwordsoridioms,theinterpretermustnotonlylookatthesystematiccontentsbutalsotheculturalcontexts,for“theculturalcontextsofwordsarethekeystounderstandingthemeaningoftexts.”（“AstudyonNiDa’stranslationtheory,2004）

1.3.1Thecommonculturalcontentsofetiquette

Thecommoncultureininternationalcommunicationismainlyshowedbyetiquette.Thetrendofdevelopmentofinternationalsociety,ononehandisdiversification;ontheotherhand,ontheotherhand,withthestrengtheningofexchangesbetweencountriesintheworld,theworldhasshownanunprecedentedunificationofvariouslocaleconomicunionandthestrategicpartnershiprelations,suchastheEuropeanCommunity,theShanghaisummit,APECandotherinternationalandregionalInternationalorganizationsalsosupportthistrend.Ofcourse,inavarietyofinternationalexchanges，ithassomecertaincodesofaction,inwhichthemostdirectexpressionoftheseistheperformanceofcommonritualculturefacedwithinternationalorganizationsandconferencesinthepublic.Understandingofthiscultureisthebasiclanguagequalityofinterpreters.Specifically,thecontentsofthecommonculturalritualsincludethefollowing.First,behavior.Inthediplomaticcontext,behaviorhasalotofrequirements.Intheinternationalexchangeactivities,interpretersshouldmaintainreasonablemannertowardsbehaviorandattitudes,sinceasuccessfulinterpretationcannotonlyincludehighlevellanguagewithoutreasonableactions.Highestlevelofinterpretationshouldbenotedthattheaudienceshavenoattentiontotheexistenceoftheinterpreter.Inaddition,theinterpretershouldalsobefullyawareofthedetailsoftheirstandingposition.Inthemoderninternationalconferencesandmeetings,meetingetiquetteiscommonlyusedinhandsorhugging,interpreters,intheirownwayofunderstandingtheusesonthebasisofwhichinformtheirclientsoftheritual.Second,Dress.Intheinternationalexchangeaffairs,ithasdifferentrequirementsofdressingonthecaseofdifferentoccasions.Forexample,inpoliticaltalksorformalbusinessmeeting,interpretershouldwearsuits;inthetourismtalks,itcanberelativelyfree;inthemulti-nationalgatheringofculturalexchange,youcanwearyourownnationalcostumes.Third,standingStations.Intheinterpretationprocess,inadditiontosittingduringthenegotiation,interpretersneedtostandtowork.Sometimestheyalsoneedtoparticipateinthegiftsexchangeordinner.Whenweparticipateintheseactivities,interpretersshouldpayattentiontothestandingposition.Thisisveryimportantininterpretation;everydetailisrelatedtothesuccessofinterpretation.

1.3.2Basiccontentofuniqueculture

Differencesofcultureamongdifferentcountriesorethnicnationsmainlyincludethereligiousculture,foodculture,physicalculture,digitalcultureandsoon.

Religiousculture.Differentstateandnationbelievedindifferentreligions.Foreignlanguagelearnersandinterpretersshouldbemoreunderstandingofthetargetcountry’sreligiousbeliefandcustoms,inparticular,habitsofcertaintaboos.Forexample,inIslamiccountriesandregionspeopledonotoftenremindpigandpork.InThailandchildren’sheadcannotbetouched.Ifyoudonotunderstandthese,younotonlycannotcommunicatewell,evenintheexchangeprocesswillyoumakeconflicts

Foodculture.Duetoreligiousdifferencesineatinghabits,foodcultureintheprocessofinternationalexchangeisalsoveryimportant,forexample:

inIslamiccountriesandregions,peopledonoteatporkandfishwithoutscales,theJapanesedonoteatmutton,manycountriesineastEuropedon’teatanimalorgans,guestscannotdrinkinArabcountries.Foreignlanguagelea