考研英语一全真模拟试题2.docx
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考研英语一全真模拟试题2.docx
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考研英语一全真模拟试题2
绝密★启用前
2016年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语
(一)试题
(科目代码:
201)
考生注意事项
1.答题前,考生须在答题卡指定位置上填写考生某某、报考单位和考生编号,同时在答题卡上涂写考生编号的信息点。
2.英语知识运用、阅读理解A节和B节的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,阅读理解C节的答案和作文必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。
写在其他地方无效。
3.填(书)写部分必须使用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔,涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔。
4.考试结束,将答题卡和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSEERSHEET1.(10points)
ScientistsatAT&TBelllaboratorieshaveunveiledanexperimentalputerthatcalculateswithpulseoflightinsteadofelectricity.Withinseveralyears,such“opticalputer”1tasksthatare2impossible.
Anopticalputercontains3lasers,lensesandmirrorsthat4andswitchlightbeamsmuchaselectricalcurrents5inthetinywiresonputer“chips.”Unlikeelectricity,however,lightbeamscan6oneanotherwithout7.Theopticalputerthusperformsthe8ofeliminatingtrafficjamsbypermittingcarstopassthroughoneanotherat9.
10jamming,suchputerscouldperformmillionsofcalculationssimultaneously---justasthehumaneyeandbraindowhenwe11aface.puterscouldbeusedfordiscerningfacesinasecurity12,orasthe“eye”ofafactoryrobot.Theycouldalsosolveproblems13ahugenumberofvariableshaveto14account,suchaslong-rangeweatherforecasting.
TheBellLabsdeviceisstill15bymodernputingstandards.Whereadesktopputerhas16amillionswitches,17hasonly18switches.Butscientistsareworking18microscopiclasersthatwillgreatly19thedevice.They20opticalputerstobeavailablemerciallyaftertheyear2000.
1.[A]couldperform[B]willperform[C]couldcarryon[D]willcarryon
2.[A]nowadays[B]currently[C]freshly[D]lately
3.[A]asystemof[B]aseriesof[C]acircuitryof[D]anetworkof
4.[A]route[B]adjust[C]guide[D]control
5.[A]tomanipulate[B]manipulate[C]aremanipulated[D]couldmanipulate
6.[A]einto[B]passby[C]eacross[D]passthrough
7.[A]interference[B]intervention[C]intermission[D]interruption
8.[A]identical[B]equilibrium[C]similarity[D]equivalent
9.[A]cross-sections[B]interfaces[C]intersections[D]crossings
10.[A]Freewith[B]Freeof[C]Freearound[D]Freeto
11.[A]recognize[B]detect[C]know[D]distinguished
12.[A]organization[B]system[C]bination[D]structure
13.[A]ofwhich[B]towhich[C]onwhich[D]inwhich
14.[A]takeinto[B]putinto[C]betakeninto[D]beputinto
15.[A]crude[B]primitive[C]clumsy[D]preliminary
16.[A]asfaras[B]amountto[C]asmuchas[D]upto
17.[A]thisone[B]butthisone[C]which[D]that
18.[A]at[B]on[C]with[D]for
19.[A]reduce[B]decrease[C]shrink[D]integrate
20.[A]predict[B]anticipate[C]await[D]expect
SectionIIReadingprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA.B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Test1
Whilethereisnoblueprintfortransformingalargelygovernment-controlledeconomyintoafreeone,theexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:
privatization,inwhichstate-ownedindustriesaresoldtoprivatepanies.By1979,thetotalborrowingsandlossesofstate-ownedindustrieswererunningatabout£3billionayear.Bysellingmanyoftheseindustries,thegovernmenthasdecreasedtheseborrowingsandlosses,gainedover£34billionfromthesales,andnowreceivestaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedpanies.Alongwithadramaticallyimprovedoveralleconomy,thegovernmenthasbeenabletorepay12.5percentofthenetnationaldebtoveratwo-yearperiod.
Infact,privatizationhasnotonlyrescuedindividualindustriesandawholeeconomyheadedfordisaster,buthasalsoraisedthelevelofperformanceineveryarea.AtBritishAirwaysandBritishGas,forexample,productivityperemployeehasrisenby20percent.AtassociatedBritishPorts,labordisruptionsmoninthe1970’sandearly1980'shavenowvirtuallydisappeared.AtBritishTele,thereisnolongerawaitinglist—astherealwayswasbeforeprivatization—tohaveatelephoneinstalled.
Partofthisimprovedproductivityhaseaboutbecausetheemployeesofprivatizedindustriesweregiventheopportunitytobuysharesintheirownpanies.Theyrespondedenthusiasticallytotheofferofshares;atBritishAerospace,89percentoftheeligibleworkforceboughtshares:
atAssociatedBritishPorts,90percent;andatBritishTele,92percent.Whenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomething,theythinkaboutit,careaboutit,worktomakeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortium,thenewemployee-ownersgrewsoconcernedabouttheirpany'sprofitsthatduringwagenegotiationstheyactuallypressedtheiruniontoloweritswagedemands.Someeconomistshavesuggestedthatgivingawayfreeshareswouldprovideaneededaccelerationoftheprivatizationprocess.YettheymissThomasPaine'spointthat"whatweobtaintoocheapweesteemtoolightly."Inorderforthefar-rangingbenefitsofindividualownershiptobeachievedbyowners,panies,andcountries,employeesandotherindividualsmustmaketheirowndecisionstobuy,andtheymustmitsomeoftheirownresourcestothechoice.
21.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingwerebenefitsofprivatizingstate-ownedindustriesintheUnitedKingdomEXCEPTthat.
[A]privatizedindustriespaidtaxestothegovernment
[B]thegovernmentgainedrevenuefromsellingstate-ownedindustries
[C]thegovernmentrepaidsomeofitsnationaldebt
[D]profitsfromindustriesthatwerestillstate-ownedincreased
22.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingresultedinincreasedproductivityinpaniesthathavebeenprivatized?
[A]Alargenumberofemployeeschosetopurchasesharesintheirpanies.
[B]Freeshareswerewidelydistributedtoindividualshareholders.
[C]Thegovernmentceasedtoregulatemajorindustries.
[D]Unionsconductedwagenegotiationsforemployees.
23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsiderslabordisruptionstobe.
[A]aninevitableprobleminaweaknationaleconomy
[B]apositivesignofemployeeconcernaboutapany
[C]apredictorofemployeereactionstoapany’soffertosellsharestothem
[D]adeterrencetohighperformancelevelsinanindustry
24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassageaboutemployeesbuyingsharesintheirownpanies?
[A]Atthreedifferentpanies,approximatelynineoutoftenoftheworkerswereeligibletobuysharesintheirpanies.
[B]Approximately90%oftheeligibleworkersatthreedifferentpanieschosetobuysharesintheirownpanies.
[C]theopportunitiestobuyshareswasdiscouragedbyatleastsomelaborunions.
[D]paniesthatdemonstratedthehighestproductivitywerethefirsttoallowtheiremployeestheopportunitytobuyshares.
25.Thequotationintheendofthetextismostprobablyusedto.
[A]countersomeeconomists’position
[B]stateasolutiontoaproblemdescribedintheprevioussentence
[C]pointoutaparadoxcontainedinacontroversialviewpoint
[D]presentahistoricalmaximtochallengetheprincipleintroducedinparagraph3
Text2
Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtopensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.
Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozenpanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.They,togetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs'motive:
“Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothemunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverse”aswell,saysoneCBOofapanythatownsninetelevisionstations.
Amongthestepstheforumispushing:
findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.“Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimate,legalways,”saysaforummember.
Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities—whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates—toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn'thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.
26.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmativeactionsignifiesthat.
[A]minoritiesnolongerholdtheoncefavoredstatus
[B]thequalityofAmericancollegeshasimproved
[C]racialpreferenceshasreplacedracialprejudice
[D]theminorityisonanequalfootingwiththemajority
27.WhathasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheUnitedStates?
[A]Whetheraffirmativeactionshouldcontinuetoexist.
[B]Whetherthislawishelpingminoritiesorthewhitemajor
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