合作原则英文1修改稿.docx
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合作原则英文1修改稿.docx
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合作原则英文1修改稿
Contents
Abstract2
ChapteroneIntroduction3
1.1Researchbackground3
1.2Significanceofresearch3
1.3OutlineoftheThesis4
ChaptertwoLiteratureReview4
2.1IntroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple4
2.2ThetheoryofConversationalImplicature5
2.3ResearchAboard6
2.4ResearchatHome7
2.5Summary8
ChapterthreeViolationtheCooperativePrincipleinDropDeadDiva9
3.1ViolationofQuantityMaxim9
3.1.1InadquentInformation9
3.1.2ExcessiveInformation9
3.2ViolationoftheQualityMaxim10
3.2.1Overstate10
3.2.2Irony11
3.3ViolationoftheRalation11
3.3.1BePartlyIrrelevant11
3.3.2BeAltogetherIrrelevant11
3.4ViolationoftheManner12
3.4.1AmbiguityandObscurity12
3.4.2Disorder13
ChapterfourConclusion13
Acknowledgment13
Bibliography14
AnAnalysisofConversationalImplicativeinDropDeadDivafromthePerspectiveViolationtheCooperativePrinciple
Abstract
Asacomprehensiveart,filmalsohasitsownartisticfeatures.Havingplungedintopeople’ssociallifeofeveryaspect,filmplaysanindispensablepartinourdailylife.Filmdialogueisavitalwaytocommunicateandexchangeamongdifferentcharacters.Beinglackingindialogues,itwillbehardtocomeintoconflictamongcharactersandtopresenttheoccurrenceanddevelopmentoftheplot,theclimaxandtheendinginafullerway.Onlythroughdialoguescanfilmcharactersshowtheiridentity,status,personalitiesandcharacteristicsrespectively.Itseemsthat,beinganindividualandartisticlanguage,filmdialogueplaysanimportantroleinportrayingthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealingtherelationshipamongcharactersandthedevelopmentoftheplotinordertohaveadeepunderstandingofthisfilm’ssignificanceanditsartisticmerits.Therefore,theanalysisoffilmdialoguesisaneffectivewaytoexplorethecharacters’personalities.
.
Keywords:
DropDeadDiva;CooperativePrinciple;ConversationalImplicature
ChapteroneIntroduction
1.1Researchbackground
DropDeadDivatellsthestoryofabeautifulmodelDebduetoanaccidentaldeath.Aftergotoheaven,becausesheandhergatekeeperFredarguepressthebuttontoreturntoearth.Buttheaccidentfromhappeningagain,shegotonthewrongbody.EnteredafatbutcapablelawyerJane(BrookeElliott)body.DidnothavethebeautyoftheDebtohowlifeonearth,howcanIfindherownpast?
WiththehelpoftheguardianangelFredshebeganlifeasJane.
Humorisanenduringresearchtopic,theearlieststudyofhumorbeganinthefourthcenturyB.C.PlatonandAristotle.Inthenexttwothousandyears,manyscholarsfromdifferentareasusedifferentmethodstohumorresearch,fromvariousangles,summarizedmanytheoriesabouthumor,suchaslinguistics,rhetoric,aesthetics,philosophyandsocialscienceandsoon.Westfromthepsychologyangleforhumorstudiesscholarsmoreandformedtheinfluentialhumortheories:
superioritytheory,incongruitytheoryandreleasetheory.Thethreemajorhumortheoriesputforwardagoodtheoreticalbasisfortheanalysisofthepsychologicalmechanismofhumor.Forcenturies,thestudyofhumorhasthegreaterprogress,fromtheperspectiveoflinguistics,semantics,syntax,stylisticandpragmaticlearnresearchandprovideawiderviewandanewperspectiveforthehumor.Raskin(1985)scripttheory(SeriptTheoryofHujnor(SSTH))andafterAttardocooperationwithRaskinputsforwardthecommonverbalhumortheory(GeneralTheoryofVerbalHumor(GTVH)isfromtheperspectiveofsemanticofhumourstudyimportanttheory.Fromthepragmaticpointofview,thestudyofhumorisalsoveryrich,suchasthepremise,theprincipleofcooperationinAnstin,Grice'sspeechacttheoryandsoon.Thetrendoftheresearchonhumorhasbeenpresentedamultiangleandmulti-levelstructure.
1.2Significanceofresearch
Thispaperselectsinpragmatics,thetheoryofcooperativeprincipleasthetheoreticalframeworkforthestudyofverbalhumor,Grice'scooperativeprincipletheory,sinceitisofpragmaticstudyofdevelopmenthasaprofoundinfluence,soithasbecomeacentralissueinthestudyofpragmatics.Withthedevelopmentoftheresearch,althoughmanyscholarshaveobjectiontotheprincipleofcooperation,theprincipleofcooperationisstilloneofthemosteffectivepragmaticprinciplesintheanalysisofhowthehumorouseffectisproducedintheconversation.Theprincipleofcooperationpointsoutthatinordertoensurethesmoothprogressofcommunication,thetwosidesshouldcooperatewitheachothertoprovideauthentic,sufficient,conciseandclearinformationrelatedtothecontentoftheconversation.Theprincipleincludesfourmaxims,namelythemaximofquantity,qualitystandards,normsandmannermaxim,followthecooperativeprincipleandstandardsinordertoachievethemosteffectivecommunicationeffect;cooperativeprincipleandeachtimetheviolationofwillleadtothegenerationofconversationalimplicature.
1.3OutlineoftheThesis
Thispaperisdividedintofourchapters.Theintroductionpartbrieflyintroducesthebackgroundandsignificanceofthisstudy.Thesecondchaptergivesabriefintroductiontotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheprincipleofverbalcooperation,andreviewstheresearchresultsoftheChineseandforeignscholarsonthecooperativeprincipleandtheeffectproducedbytheviolationofthecooperativeprinciple.Thethirdchapterdescribesindetailtheviolationoftheprincipleofcooperationofthefourguidelinesproducedbythehumorouseffect,andanalysis.Thefourthchaptersummarizesthewholepaper.
ChaptertwoLiteratureReview
TheLiteratureReviewmainlycontainstofiveparts:
thefirstpartistheintroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple.ThesecondpartisthetheoryofconversationalImplicatureandthethirdpartisresearchesonaboard.Thefourthpartisresearchesathome.Thelastpartisthesummary.
2.1IntroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple
AccordingtoGrice,intheprocessofhumancommunication,dialoguebetweenthetwosidesfollowsomemaximseitherbydesignoraccident.SotheGricecameupwiththedefinitionofCooperativePrincipleis“wemightformulatearoughgeneralprinciplewhichparticipantswillbeexpectedtoobserve,namely:
makeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasisrequiredatthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeofdirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged”(Grice,1986:
26)Itwasputforwardin20thCenturyanddividedintofourmaxims:
quantitymaxim,qualitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.
QuantityMaxim:
Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequired.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired
QualityMaxim:
Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue:
donosaywhatyoubelievetobefalse;donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence
RelationMaxim:
Berelevant
MannerMaxim:
Avoidobscurityofexpression;Avoidambiguity;Bebrief;Beorderly(Grice,1975:
45-46)
“TheCooperativePrincipleismeanttodescribewhatactuallyhappensinconversationinsteadoftellingspeakershowtheyoughttobehave.Thatis,whenwespeakwegenerallyhavesomethinglikethecooperativeprincipleanditsmaximsinourmindtoguideus,thoughsubconsciously,orevenunconsciously.Wewilltrytosaythingswhicharetrue,relevant,aswellasinformativeenough,andinaclearmanner.Hearerswillalsotrytointerpretwhatissaidtotheminthisway.”(HuZhuanglin&JiangWangqi,2002:
458)Andalso,ifthespeakerabidebythecooperativeprincipleinaconversation,andthepeopleobviouslyviolateoneormoreofthemaxims,thelistenerwilltrytounderstandthereason.MeanwhileGricepointsoutthat,peoplecannotobeythecooperativeprincipleinthefollowingsituations.
Firstly,speakercannotunderstandthehearer’sneeds,whichisconsideredtoviolatethemaximofquantify.
Secondly,speakerdonotwanttocooperateinaccordancewithcooperativepriciple.Forexample“Icannotsayanything,becausemymouthwassealed”.
Thirdly,speakermayencountersconflictthat:
hecouldnotperformmorethantwomaximsatthesametime.Forexample,speakercanonlyperformthemaximofquantitybasedontheviolationofthemaximofquality.
Finally,speakerwouldviolatethecooperativeprincipledeliberately.Becausehebelievesthatthelistenercanunderstandandcontinuetoworkwithhim.However,listenerthinksthespeakerwouldnotdeliberatelymisleadhim.
2.2ThetheoryofConversationalImplicature
ConversationalImplicature,abbreviatedasCI,putforwardintheUnitedStatesinaspeech(WilliamJamesLecture)attheHarvardUniversityin1967.ConversationalImplicatureisthecoreofthepragmaticsandGricesaid“aConversationalImplicatureissomethingwhichisimpliedinconversation,thatissomethingwhichisleftimplictinactuallanguageuse”inhispaperlogicandconversationin1975.(Grice,1975)AndimplicatureisusedbyGricetoaccountforwhatthespeakerliterallysays.ConversationalImplicatureissomethingleftsuggestiveinactuallanguage.Intheprocessofunderstandingorinterpretationandtheinferenceabilityofboththeaddressandtheaddresseeareplayingsignificantroles.“Ineverydaytalk,weoftenconveypropositionsthatarenotexplicitinourutterancesbutaremerelyimpliedbythem.Sometimesweareabletodrawsuchinferencesonlybyreferringwhathasbeenexplicitlysaidtosomeconversationalprinciple.Incertaincases,wearedealingwith“ConversationalImplicature”(Jacob,2003:
22)AccordingtoGrice,ConversationalImplicatureisanon-concentionalimplicaturebelongstothehearer’sassumption.
ConversationalIm
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