国际经济学作业答案第九章.docx
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国际经济学作业答案第九章.docx
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国际经济学作业答案第九章
1Chapter9ThePoliticalEconomyofTradeTheory
1n MultipleChoiceQuestions
1.Theefficiencycasemadeforfreetradeisthatastradedistortionssuchastariffsaredismantledandremoved,
(a)governmenttariffrevenuewilldecrease,andthereforenationaleconomicwelfarewilldecrease.
(b)governmenttariffrevenuewilldecrease,andthereforenationaleconomicwelfarewillincrease.
(c)deadweightlossesforproducersandconsumerswilldecrease,henceincreasingnationaleconomicwelfare.
(d)deadweightlossesforproducersandconsumerswilldecrease,hencedecreasingnationaleconomicwelfare.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
2.Theopportunitytoexploiteconomiesofscaleisoneofthegainstobemadefromremovingtariffsandothertradedistortions.Thesegainswillbefoundbyadecreasein
(a)worldpricesofimports.
(b)theconsumptiondistortionlosstriangle.
(c)theproductiondistortionlosstriangle.
(d)Both(b)and(c).
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
E
3.Itisarguedthatspecialinterestgroupsarelikelytotakeoverandpromoteprotectionistpolicies,whichmayleadtoanincreaseinnationaleconomicwelfare.Thisargumentleadsto
(a)apresumptionthatinpracticeafreetradepolicyislikelytobebetterthanalternatives.
(b)apresumptionthattradepolicyshouldbeshiftedtoNon-GovernmentalOrganizations,soastolimittaxpayerburden.
(c)apresumptionthatfreetradeisgenerallyasecond-bestpolicy,tobeavoidediffeasiblealternativesareavailable.
(d)apresumptionthatfreetradeisthelikelyequilibriumsolutionifthegovernmentallowsspecialinterestgroupstodictateitstradepolicy.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
A
4.Theoptimumtariffis
(a)thebesttariffacountrycanobtainviaaWTOnegotiatedroundofcompromises.
(b)thetariff,whichmaximizesthetermsoftradegains.
(c)thetariff,whichmaximizesthedifferencebetweentermsoftradegainsandtermsoftradeloses.
(d)notpracticalforasmallcountryduetothelikelihoodofretaliation.
(e)notpracticalforalargecountryduetothelikelihoodofretaliation.
Answer:
E
5.Theoptimumtariffismostlikelytoapplyto
(a)asmalltariffimposedbyasmallcountry.
(b)asmalltariffimposedbyalargecountry.
(c)alargetariffimposedbyasmallcountry.
(d)alargetariffimposedbyalargecountry.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
B
6.Theprohibitivetariffisatariffthat
(a)issohighthatiteliminatesimports.
(b)issohighthatitcausesundueharmtotrade-partnereconomies.
(c)issohighthatitcausesundueharmtoimportcompetingsectors.
(d)issolowthatthegovernmentprohibitsitsusesinceitwouldloseanimportantrevenuesource.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
A
7.Theexistenceofmarginalsocialbenefitswhicharenotmarginalbenefitsfortheindustryproducingtheimportsubstitutes
(a)isanargumentsupportingfreetradeandnon-governmentalinvolvement.
(b)isanargumentsupportingtheuseofanoptimumtariff.
(c)isanargumentsupportingtheuseofmarketfailuresasatrade-policystrategy.
(d)isanargumentrejectingfreetradeandsupportinggovernmentalinvolvement.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
8.Thedomesticmarketfailureargumentisaparticularcaseofthetheoryof
(a)theoptimum,orfirst-best.
(b)thesecondbest.
(c)thethirdbest.
(d)thesufficingprinciple.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
B
9.Thedifficultyofascertainingtherightsecond-besttradepolicytofollow
(a)reinforcessupportforthethird-bestpolicyapproach.
(b)reinforcessupportforincreasingresearchcapabilitiesofgovernmentagencies.
(c)reinforcessupportforabandoningtradepolicyasanoption.
(d)reinforcessupportforfree-tradeoptions.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
10.Theauthorsofthetextbelievethat
(a)second-bestpolicyisworsethanoptimalpolicy.
(b)specialinterestgroupsgenerallyenhancenationalwelfare.
(c)nationalwelfareislikelytobeenhancedbytheimpositionofanoptimaltariff.
(d)marketFailureargumentstendtosupportfree-tradepolicy.
(e)thereisnosuchthingasnationalwelfare.
Answer:
E
11.Thesimplemodelofcompetitionamongpoliticalpartieslongusedbypoliticalscientiststendstoleadtothepracticalsolutionofselectingthe
(a)optimaltariff.
(b)prohibitivetariff.
(c)zero(free-trade)tariff.
(d)thetariffratefavoredbythemedianvoter.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
12.Themedianvotermodel
(a)workswellintheareaoftradepolicy.
(b)isnotintuitivelyreasonable.
(c)tendstoresultinbiasedtariffrates.
(d)doesnotworkwellintheareaoftradepolicy.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
13.Thefactthattradepolicyoftenimposesharmonlargenumbersofpeople,andbenefitsonlyafewmaybeexplainedby
(a)thelackofpoliticalinvolvementofthepublic.
(b)thepowerofadvertisement.
(c)theproblemofcollectiveaction.
(d)thebasicimpossibilityofthedemocraticsystemtoreachafairsolution.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
14.Protectionismtendstobeconcentratedintwosectors:
(a)agricultureandclothing.
(b)hightechandnationalsecuritysensitiveindustries.
(c)capitalandskillintensiveindustries.
(d)industriesconcentratedintheSouthandintheMidwestofthecountry.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
A
15.Judgingbythechangesintheheightoftariffratesinmajortradingcountries,theworldhasbeenexperiencingagreat
(a)tradeliberalization.
(b)surgeofprotectionism.
(c)lackofprogressinthetrade-policyarea.
(d)movetowardsregionalintegration.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
A
16.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)wasorganizedasasuccessortothe
(a)IMF.
(b)UN.
(c)UNCTAD.
(d)GATT.
(e)TheWorldBank.
Answer:
D
17.TheWTOwasestablishedbythe____________ofmultilateraltradenegotiations.
(a)KennedyRound
(b)TokyoRound
(c)UruguayRound
(d)DillonRound
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
18.TheSmoot-HawleyTariffActof1930hasgenerallybeenassociatedwith
(a)fallingtariffs.
(b)freetrade.
(c)intensifyingtheworldwidedepression.
(d)recoveryfromtheworldwidedepression.
(e)Non-tariffbarriers.
Answer:
C
19.Atradepolicydesignedtoalleviatesomedomesticeconomicproblembyexportingittoforeigncountriesisknowasa(n)
(a)internationaldumpingpolicy.
(b)countervailingtariffpolicy.
(c)beggarthyneighborpolicy.
(d)tradeadjustmentassistancepolicy.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
20.TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeandtheWorldTradeOrganizationhaveresultedin
(a)terminationofexportsubsidiesappliedtomanufacturedgoods.
(b)terminationofimporttariffsappliedtomanufactures.
(c)terminationofimporttariffsappliedtoagriculturalcommodities.
(d)terminationofinternationaltheftofcopyrights.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
E
21.TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeandtheWorldTradeOrganizationhaveresultedin
(a)theestablishmentofuniversaltradeadjustmentassistancepolicies.
(b)theestablishmentoftheEuropeanUnion.
(c)thereciprocaltradeclause.
(d)reductionsintradebarriersviamultilateralnegotiations.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
22.TradetheorysuggeststhatJapanwouldgainfromasubsidytheUnitedStatesprovidesitsgrainfarmersifthegainstoJapaneseconsumersofwheatproductsmorethanoffsetsthelossestoJapanesewheatfarmers.ThiswouldoccuraslongasJapan
(a)isanetimporterinbilateraltradeflowswiththeUnitedStates.
(b)isanetimporterofwheat.
(c)hasacomparativeadvantageinwheat.
(d)hasanabsoluteadvantageinproducingwheat.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
B
23.Countervailingdutiesareintendedtoneutralizeanyunfairadvantagethatforeignexportersmightgainbecauseofforeign
(a)tariffs.
(b)subsidies.
(c)quotas.
(d)Local-Contentlegislation.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
B
24.Throughoutthepost-WorldWarIIera,theimportanceoftariffsasatradebarrierhas
(a)increased.
(b)decreased.
(c)remainedthesame.
(d)fluctuatedwildly.
(e)demonstratedaclassicrandomwalkwithamean-reversiontendency.
Answer:
B
25.In1980theUnitedStatesannouncedanembargoongrainexportstotheSovietUnioninresponsetotheSovietinvasionofAfghanistan.Thisembargowasmainlyresistedby
(a)U.S.grainconsumersofbread.
(b)U.S.grainproducers.
(c)foreigngrainproducers.
(d)U.S.communists.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
B
26.Exportembargoescausegreaterlossestoconsumersurplusinthetargetcountry
(a)thelesseritsinitialdependenceonforeignproducedgoods.
(b)themoreelasticisthetargetcountry’sdemandschedule.
(c)themoreelasticisthetargetcountry’sdomesticsupply.
(d)themoreinelasticthetargetcountry’ssupply.
(e)Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
27.Thestrongestpoliticalpressureforatradepolicythatresultsinhigherprotectionismcomesfrom
(a)domesticworkerslobbyingforimportrestrictions.
(b)domesticworkerslobbyingforexportrestrictions.
(c)domesticworkerslobbyingforfreetrade.
(d)domesticconsumerslobbyingforexportrestrictions.
(e)domesticconsumerslobbyingforimportrestrictions.
Answer:
A
28.TheaveragetariffratetodataondutiableimportsintheUnitedStatesisapproximately
(a)5%ofthevalueofimports.
(b)15%ofthevalueofimports.
(c)20%ofthevalueofimports.
(d)25%ofthevalueofimports.
(e)morethan25%ofthevalueofimports.
Answer:
A
29.In1990theUnitedStatesimposedtradeembargoesonIraq’sinternationaltrade.ThiswouldinducesmallerlossesinIraq’sconsumersurplusthe
(a)lesselasticIraq’sdemandschedule.
(b)moreelasticIraq’sdemand
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