初中英语从句全.docx
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初中英语从句全.docx
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初中英语从句全
名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
宾语从句
1.语述问题
跟随陈述语序如:
Theywanttoknowwherehewasborn.
✓Whatiswrongwithyou?
=whatisthematterwithyou?
这个句子不变语序。
✓Ijustwanderwhatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited.
2.时态(tense)
✓如果主语是现在时态,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定
Shetellsmethatshewillcometomorrow.
Shetellsmethatshewonthefirstprizeyesterday.
✓主语为过去时态,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。
Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.(过去将来时
ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.(过去完成时)
✓从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时,用一般现在时
Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.
3.连词
1.that:
在句子中不作为成分的时候,可以省略。
但是有些情况下that不能省略:
●当动词后,宾语从句不止一个时,第二个起that不能省略。
Theyknow(that)hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.
●当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。
Inoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearingahat.
●It作形式宾语,that从句做真正宾语时
Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.
●在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略
Iwanderthathefailed.(我很惊讶他失败了)
2.where和if之间的区别
Idon’tknowwhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek.
✓介词后面的宾语从句不能用if
当whether后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether.
✓在动词discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.
Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld.
3.what引导
Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.
4.否定转移
由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候,要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
5.例句
Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom
表语从句
1.可以连接表语从句的系动词有be,look,feel,sound,seem,spear.
2.that在表语从句中没有任何意义,但是不能省略。
Thereasonisthat…….
3.在表语从句中不能用if作为连词。
但是可以用whether和asif引导。
Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.
Itlooksasifitwouldrain.(使用了虚拟语气)
4.itis/wasbecause+原因
Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.
5.itis/waswhy+结果
Itiswhyhewasfailed.
6.特殊的表语从句
Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.
主语从句
✓主语从句中that不能省略。
1.常用句型
It’sapitythat…….
It’slikely/possiblethat……
Itseems/happened/spearsthat…..
Itissaid/known/believed/hopethat……
2.例句
It‘sbelievedthatGodcreatedthepeople.
WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.
同位语从句
1.定义
当两个指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子,后者就叫前者的同位语。
Let’syouandmegoforawalk.
2.标志词
Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,advice
✓HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.
✓Ihavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
3.连接词
1.that(不能省)
Theideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.
2.thether
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
3.疑问词
Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.
Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.
MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.
其他从句还有定语从句(关键),状语从句。
定语从句:
一、结构
先行词+关系词+从句
二、关系词
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose
关系副词:
where(=in/on/atwhich),why(=forwhich),when(=in/onwhich)
例句:
1.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom.
2.Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom.
3.ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.(介词后必须加宾格并且不能省略)
4.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad.
5.Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad.
6.Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.
总结:
…….,whose+n….和…..,thenofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)…以及…,ofwhich/whomthen这三个句型可以相互转换。
三、只能用that不能用which的情况
1.既有人又有物:
theteachersandtheschoolsthat….
2.有不定代词或者有不定代词修饰时:
Iwilltellyoueverythingthat….
Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat….
3.最高级修饰或者序数词修饰时:
Themostbeautifulflowersthat….
Thefirstmanthat…
4.避免重复
Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?
WhichisthebookthatIlike?
5.有only/very/justthen修饰时
Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…
ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy.
6.先行词充当表语时
Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.(定语从句,先行词boy在句子中作为表语)
Tomisn’twhatheusedtobe.(表语从句)
四、只用which不能用that的情况
1.非限制性定语从句(用逗号隔开的一般是非限制性定语从句)
Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.
2.介词后用which
Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.
3.避免重复
Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
五、只用who不用that
1.先行词为指人的代词:
those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,noone
Thosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.
Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark.
2.therebe中先行词为人是只用who
Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.
六、特殊的关系词as
1.as引导限制性定语从句时,一定充当主语或宾语或者表语。
Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.
Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.(定语从句不完整,as充当宾语)
Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.(从句结构完整,这是状语从句)
2.as引导非限制性定语从句
Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.
Theearthisaround,asweallknow.
Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.
Asisoftenthecase,…..(情况往往是这样的)
Asisnatural,….(很自然的)
这些短语可以用于议论文写作。
七、特殊句型
先行词充当主语时,注意主谓一致。
1.thenumberofthepeoplewhoowncarsisincreasing.
2.heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedexamination.
Heistheoneofthestudentswhohaspassedexamination.
3.ihavetwosisters,neitherofwhomareteachers.
Ihavetwosistersandneitherofthemareteachers.
Ihavetwosisters,neitherofthemteachers.
4.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,whoseownerwasseated/sitting.
therearesomepeopleinthegarden,it’sownerseated/sitting.
therearesomepeopleinthegardenandit’sownerwasseated.
5.isthisthefactorythat/which/或者省略youvisitedyesterday?
Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisit?
Isthisthefactorywhereyouworked?
Isthisthefactory,theonewhich/that/可以省略youvisited?
Isthisthefactory,theonetowhichyoupaidavisited?
Isthisthefactory,theonewhere/inwhichyouworked?
6.thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.
Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.
Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.
7.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichIdidit.
Thisisthereasonthat/whichhetoldme.
8.Ihatethewayinwhich/that/可以省略hespoketohisfather.(way句子中作状语)
That‘sthewaywhich/that/可以省略youtoldme.(way句子中作宾语)
Hegavemethewaywhich/thatisnotpractical.(way在从句中作主语)
9.sheissocleveragirlthatshelearnseverythingquickly.
Sheissocleveragirlaslearnseverythingquickly.
状语从句
一、时间状语从句
When/while/as都可以跟持续性动词
As/when/whileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Imeetmyfriend.
各个连词的区别:
1.when
●从属连词,可以引导持续性或者短暂性动词,表明主句、从句动作同时发生或者从句动作在主句之前。
WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseaside.(主从句动作同时发生)
Whenthefilmended,peoplewenthome.(从句动作在主句之前)
●并列连词
Bedoing….when….
Beabouttodo….When….
Iwasdoinghomeworkwhenthelightwentoff.
Iwasabouttojumpintotheriverwhenhestoppedme.
●表示原因、作“既然”的意思
Howcouldyouexpecttolearnanythingwhenyoudidn’tlisteninclass.
Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes.
2.while
●只引导持续性动词
Don’ttalktooaloudwhileothersareworking.
●并列连词,作“而,却”的意思
HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondoffolkmusic.
●作“尽管,虽然”的意思
WhileIadmitthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.
3.as
●主句从句动作同时发生或者交替发生,作“一边。
。
。
一边。
。
。
”,“随着。
。
。
”的意思
Astimegoeson,…….
Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.
4.assoonas=themoment=theminute=theinstant=immediately=directly
=instandly
I’lltellhimthenewsassoonashecomes.
5.nosooner…than…=hardly/scarily/barely…when…
倒装句,主句用haddone过去完成时。
Nosoonerhadhearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
他刚到火车站,火车就离开了。
6.not…until…
Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.
=Notuntilhefinishedhishomeworkdidhegotobed.(倒装句)
=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(强调句)
7.since
“自从….以来“从句是短暂性动词
IthasbeentenyearssinceIgraduated.
Itis3yearssincehesmoked.=Itis3yearssincehestoppedsmoking.(不抽烟已3年了)
8.before
●“多久以后才。
。
。
”
Theyhadwalked4daysbeforetheyarrived.
●“还没来得及。
。
。
就。
。
。
“
Thehousehadfallendownbeforetheycouldrunout.
●“趁还没有。
。
。
就。
。
。
”
Writeitdownbeforeyouforget.
Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since…
Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before…
9.thefirsttime
IlikethebookthefirsttimeIsawit.
10.everytime=eachtime
IvisitedtheteachereverytimeIwenthome.
二、地点状语从句
连词:
where、wherever
Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(有志者事竟成)
三、原因状语从句
连词:
because:
直接因果关系,语气强,回答why问句。
Since:
“既然”,位于主句前。
As:
“由于”,位于主句前或者后面
For:
位于主句后,表示补充说明或者推测原因。
Sinceanyoneishere,let’sbegin.
Asitisraining,wewillnotgoout.
Itmustberainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.
四、目的状语从句
连词:
sothat….一般放在主句后。
Inorderthat…..主句前或者后都可以,语气更加正式。
这两个句型从句中往往有can/could/might
Iwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.
Inorderthatyoucanseethesunrise,westartedearly.
Forfearthat…..和incasethat类似,从句中往往有should.
Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathershouldseehim.
Takeyouraincoatincasethatitshouldrain.
五、结果状语从句
连词:
So+adj+that…/such+n+that:
表示如此。
。
。
以至于。
。
。
还可以表示为so+adj+a/an+n+that
Itissobigaroomthatitcanhold200people.
Itissuchabigroomthatitcanhold200people.
特殊句型:
Theyaresuchlittleboysthattheydidn’tknowanythingaboutit.
Therearesolittlewaterthatwehavenonetodrink.
第一句中little的意思是小。
第二个句子中little的意思是少,之后的名词只能跟不可数名词。
六、方式状语从句
1、although/though/evenif/eventhough
Heisunhappyalthoughhehasmuchmoney.
Evenifitisraining,wewillgothere.
2.though/as用于倒装句
Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.→Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.
Althoughhemighttry,heisstillfailed.→Tryashemight,heisstillfailed.
3.whether…or…
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.
4.疑问句+ever=nomatter+疑问句
Whateveryousay,hewon’tbelieveyou
→Noma
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