英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备.docx

英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备.docx

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英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备

一．中古英语时期

♦BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andthemostimportantspecimen（范例、典范）ofAnglo-Saxonliterature,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.

♦Theromanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod（中世纪）.Itusesverseorprosetosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.

♦Geoffrey Chaucer,one ofthegreatestEnglishpoets,whosemasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,wasoneofthemostimportantinfluencesonthedevelopmentofEnglishliterature.

♦ChaucerisconsideredasthefatherofEnglishpoetryandthefounderofEnglishrealism.

二．文艺复兴Renaissance

♦Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.Itmarksatransition（过渡）fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

♦ItstartedinItalywiththefloweringofpainting,sculpture（雕塑）andliterature,andthenspreadtotherestofEurope.

♦HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance-----Manisthemeasureofallthings.

♦ThiswasEngland’sGoldenAgeinliterature.QueenElizabethreignedoverthecountryinthisperiod.TherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandrama.ThemostfamousdramatistsintheRenaissanceEnglandareChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespeare.

♦ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasChristopherMarlowe.

♦FrancisBaconwasthebestknownessayistofthisperiod.“OfStudies”isthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.

♦ThomasMore——Utopia

♦EdmundSpenser——TheFaerieQueene

相关练习

♦1.WhichistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage?

♦A.UtopiaB.FaerieQueene

♦C.BeowulfD.Hamlet

♦2._____isthefatherofEnglishpoetry.

♦A.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeare

♦C.FrancisBaconD.GeoffreyChaucer

♦3.____isnotaplaywrightduringtheRenaissanceperiodonEngland.

♦A.WilliamShakespeareB.GeoffreyChaucer

♦C.ChristopherMarloweD.BenJohnson

三．莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare

♦“Alltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”——WilliamShakespeare

♦WilliamShakespeareisconsideredthegreatestplaywrightintheworldandthefinestpoetwhohaswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.Shakespeareunderstoodpeoplemorethananyotherwriters.Hecouldcreatecharactersthathavemeaningbeyondthetimeandplaceofhisplays.HisfourtragediesareHamlet（《哈姆雷特》）,Othello（《奥赛罗》）,KingLear（《李尔王》）andMacbeth（《麦克白》）.

♦Shakespeare’ssonnets,154innumber,aretheonlydirectexpressionofthepoet’sownfeelings;Sonnet18deservesitsfamebecauseitisoneofthemostbeautifullywrittenversesintheEnglishlanguage

♦诗选

♦Sonnet18

♦ShallIcomparetheetoaSummer’sday?

♦Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.

♦RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

♦AndSummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.

♦（我怎能将你与夏日相比?

/你比它更温和可爱：

/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：

）

♦Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

♦Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;

♦Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

♦Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d;

♦（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）

♦ButthyeternalSummershallnotfade,

♦Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st

♦NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,

♦Whenineternallinetotimethougrow’st.

♦Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,

♦Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

♦（可你如夏日般不会褪色,/你的美貌也将永存;/死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡,/伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。

/只要人类生生不息我的诗句能被见证,/你就会在传承中得到永生！

）

♦相关练习

♦1.Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesarethefollowingworksexcept____.

♦A.HamletB.KingLearC.RomeoandJulietD.Othello

♦2.TheEssenceofRenaissance,themostsignificantintellectualmovement,was_____.

♦A.GeographicalexplorationB.Religiousreformation

♦C.PublishingandtranslationD.Humanism.

♦3.In“Sonnet18”,Shakespeare_________________.

♦A.Meditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.

♦B.Satirize（讽刺）human’svanity.

♦C.Predict（预测）theeternityoflove.

♦D.Eulogize（颂扬）thepowerofthebeauty.

♦4.WhichofthefollowingstatementbestillustratesthethemeofShakespeare’sSonnet18?

♦A.ThespeakereulogizesthepowerofNature.

♦B.Thespeakersatirizeshumanvanity.

♦C.Thespeakerpraisesthepowerofartisticcreation.

♦D.Thespeakermeditatesonman’ssalvation.

♦5.TheRenaissancereferstobetween14th-mid-17thcentury,whichwasunderthereignofQueen___andabsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummit,andinwhichthe’realmainstream（真正的文学主流）’was____.

♦A.Victoria/poetry

♦B.Elizabeth/drama

♦C.Mary/novel

♦D.James/drama

♦6._____,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrilleranda’philosophicalexploration’oflifeanddeath.

♦A.TheMerchantofVeniceB.Hamlet

♦C.KingLearD.TheWinter’sTale

四．18世纪英国文学

♦The18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.

♦17thcenturywriterJohnMiltonranksasoneofthegreatestpoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.HismasterpieceParadiseLost（失乐园）waspublishedin1667.LateranotherepicpoemParadiseRegained（复乐园）,sequeltoParadiseLost,waspublishedwiththepoeticdramaSamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）.

♦Themid-18thcenturywas,however,predominatedbyanewlyrisingliteraryform,themodernEnglishnovel,which,contrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,givesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.

♦DanielDefoeisconsideredtobethefatheroftheEnglishnovel.HismasterpieceisRobinsonCrusoe.ItisconsideredtobethefirstEnglishnovel

♦JonathanSwiftisgenerallyconsideredthegreatestprosesatirist（讽刺散文家）inEnglishliterature.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Heonceasserted:

“Properwordsinproperplace,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”他曾把文字风格定义成“恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”

♦Therearenoornamentsinhiswritings.Insimple,directandpreciseprose,SwiftisalmostunsurpassedinEnglishliterature.

♦Gulliver'sTravels,JonathanSwift'sbestfictionalwork,containsfourparts,eachaboutoneparticularvoyageduringwhichGulliverhasextraordinaryadventuresonsomeremoteislandafterhehasmetwithshipwreckorpiracyorsomeothermisfortune.

♦相关练习

♦1.Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames"Lilliput","Brobdingnag",Houyhnhnm"and"Yahoo”?

A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TheFarrieQueene

C.Gulliver’sTravelsD.TheSchoolofScandal

2.______isatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.

A.ElegantstyleB.Causalnarration

C.BittersatireD.Complicatedsentencestructure

3.TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver’sTravelsare________.

A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.

B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalities

C.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.

D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinsomeotherways.

五．浪漫主义诗歌

♦

（一）先驱：

RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯，WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克

♦RobertBurnsisanationalpoetofScotland,apoetofpeasants,hispoemsarewritteninScottishdialect.ARed,RedRose（《红红的玫瑰》）andAuldlangSynearehismostpopularpoems.

♦Toseeaworldinagrainofsand,/Andaheaveninawildflower,/Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand,/Andeternityinanhour.——WilliamBlake一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。

♦

♦

（二）代表诗人：

♦1.Escapistromanticists/LakePoets（湖畔派诗人）（WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey）

♦2.activeromanticists/demonicgroup/Satanicschool（撒旦派）（GeorgeGordonByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats）

♦EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&Coleridge’sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.

♦WilliamWordsworthstartedwithSamuelTaylorColeridgetheEnglishRomanticmovementwiththeircollectionLyricalBalladsin1798.LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》followedby“ThePrefacetotheLyricalBallads”—servedasthemanifesto（宣言）oftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.

♦“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsthattakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”——WilliamWordsworth（诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。

）

♦相关练习

♦1.TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorless______attitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditions.

♦A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent

♦2.FortheRomantics,____isnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.

♦A.loveB.manC.natureD.death

♦3.IntheRomanticperiod,____isthemostprosperousliteraryform.

♦A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.play

♦4.RomanticismisaperiodofBritishliteratureroughlydatedfrom__.

♦A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832

♦C.1483-----1546D.1836-----1901

♦5.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheEnglishRomanticPeriodare_____andWalterScott.

♦A.WashingtonIrvingB.JaneAusten

♦C.HermanMelvilleD.CharlesDickens

♦6.WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocatedallthefollowingEXCEPT___.

♦ A.theuseofeverydaylanguagespokenbythecommonpeople

♦ B.theexpressionofthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings

♦ C.theuseofhumbleandrusticlifeassubjectmatter

♦ D.theuseofelegantwordingandinflatedfiguresofspeech

♦7.Thepublicationof“_______”markedthebeginningofRomanticAge.

♦A.DonJuanB.TheRimeoftheAncientMariner

♦C.TheLyricalBallads D.QueenMab

♦8.ThemajorrepresentativesofthepoeticrevolutioninEnglishRomanticperiodwereSamuelTaylorColeridgeand____.

♦A.WilliamBlakeB.WilliamWordsworth

♦C.JohnKeatsD.PercyByssheShelley

♦

♦

♦诗选

♦IWanderedLonelyasaCloud——WilliamWordsworth

♦Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;