新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册lendin部分的答案.docx
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新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册lendin部分的答案.docx
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新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册lendin部分的答案
视野视听说教程4lend-in的答案
unit1
Peopletendtogetangrywhentreatedunfairly.Specifically,wemayflyintoaragewhenwerealizewewerebetrayedbyaclosefriendortrickedbyaclerkintobuyingsomethingunnecessaryatahighprice.Whenpeopletreatuswithcontempt,ordeliberatelyignoreus,wemaygetannoyed.Also,thesightofinjusticeoftenfillsuswithindignation.Forinstance,whenweseeachildbeingbulliedbyagroupofhoodlums,itmakesourbloodboil.Toovercomeouranger,wehavetwooptions:
tofightortorun.Inthecaseofasmalloffense,it'sbettertowalkawayandcalmdown.Itisnotnecessarytoexplodeataslightprovocation.However,whenconfrontedwithagrossinjusticeoraseriouscrime,weneedtostandupforourselvesandspeakourmind.Afterventingouranger,wemayfeelbetter.Ifwekeepnegativefeelingstoourselves,wewillprobablyfeelmiserableforalongtimeandregretnottakingaction.
Thegreatestpleasuresseemtocomefromhard-wonachievements.Forexample,ifafteralotofhardwork,youpassedanimportantexamination,finishedabigproject,orgotapromotion,youwouldfeelincrediblyhappy,right?
Humanhappinessisnotlimitedtoone'sgoodfortuneorsuccess.Ifyouhelpsomeoneinneed,you'llprobablyfeelwonderful.ThisaccountsforthesuccessofProjectHope,throughwhichpeoplevolunteertimeanddonatemoneytohelppeopleinneed.
Peoplefeelblueforavarietyofreasons.Theyfeeldepressedafterfailinganexamorlosingajob.Theyfeelgriefwhensomeonedeartothem,forexampleaclosefamilymember,passesaway.Sufferingfromaseriousdiseasewithlittlehopeofacompleterecovery,onemayfeeldejected.Thereseemstobearelationshipbetweendepressionandbadluck.Ifyourspiritsaredownandyoushowit,peoplemightrefrainfromtalkingtoyou.Manygoodopportunitiesmayslipawayasaresult.Andyoumightbeleftwonderingwhyyourluckdoesn'tchange.Tocheeryourselfup,youcanstudyorwork.Yourmoodmightimproveifyoukeepyourselfbusyandtrytoachievegoals.Andifstayingbusydoesn'thelp,youcanjustwaitforthesadnesstogoaway.Itissaidthattimehealsallwounds.Finally,youmightfindsolaceinrealizing.Yoursituationisnottheworst.Youcanalsochoosetolookatthebrightsideofthingsbecauseeverycloudhasasilverlining.
Bothreasonandemotionareimportantinourlives.Althoughtheyareobviouslydifferentfromeachother,theycomplementeachotherjustthesame.Thinkaboutit,itisdifficulttoisolatereasonfromemotionandviceversa.Whenoneisarguing,oneiscombininglogicwithfeelings.Whenaspeakerisadvocatingaprinciple,thefeelingheputsintohisvoicereinforceshisargument.Whenscientistsconductresearches,theymaychooseanareathatisinterestingtothem.Darwinstudiedsciencebecausehehadbeenfascinatedbyplantsandanimalssincehischildhood.However,insomeareaseitherreasonoremotionmayplayabiggerrole.Sciencestudentsmayneedmorelogicthanemotiontoconductexperiments,whileartstudentstendtorelymoreontheiremotionforcreativity.Withinafamily,peopleusuallycherishtheemotionaltiesbetweenfamilymembers.Emotioncouldbemoreimportantthanreasonwhenfallinginloveortrustingamemberofone'sfamily,whereasreasonplaysanimportantrolewhendecidinghowtoeducateachild.Togetherorseparate,reasonandemotionplaycriticallyimportantrolesinourlives.Whatdoyouthink?
Orfeel?
unit2
Somepeoplejustwanttoimprovetheirlooksinsmallways.Theymaygoonadiettomaintainagoodfigure,usemakeuptoimprovetheirappearance,putafacialmaskoraskinsootherontheirfacesduringthenight,havetheirteethstraightened,orhavetheirnailspolished.Someothershaveaface-lifttochangetheirnoseorchin,maketheirsingle-foldeyelidsdoublefolded,andhavetheirskintightenedtosmoothoutwrinklesandcrow'sfeet.Someeveninjectbotox(肉毒素)toremovewrinkles.Moredrastically,somepeoplemayhaveliposuctiontoremovefat.
Aloveofbeautyispartofhumannature.Peopleliketoseebeautifulscenery,flowers,andanimals.Itisnotstrangethattheyalsowanttolookatgood-lookinghumansandimprovethewaytheylookthemselves.Withimprovedfeatures,onemayfindabetterjob,attractamoredesirablespouse,andgainfasterpromotion.Someoccupationsattachgreatimportancetoappearance.Mostactors,anchorpersons,andfashionmodelscanberecognizedbytheirlooks.Itissometimesarguedthatbylookinggood,onetendstofeelself-confident.Withconfidence,successismorelikelytofollowinanyundertaking.
Weshouldnotattempttochangeourphysicalappearancebycosmeticmeans.Suchchangesmaybringunexpecteddisastersinthefuture.Somebeautifyingmethods,ifnotproperlyapplied,havedangeroussideeffects.Peoplewhoreceivebotoxinjectionstoremovewrinklesmayeventuallyruintheirskin.Somesurgicaloperationsthatareintendedtomakesingle-foldeyelidsdoublefoldactuallymakethemmulti-folded--notwhatthepatienthadinmind.
Peoplewhodon'thavemuchmoneycanalsomakethemselveslookfashionable.Therearemanywaystobuyfashionableclotheswithoutspendingmuchmoney.Forexample,peoplecanbuyclothesthatareonsaleorsoldindiscountstores.It'ssmarttobuywinterclothesattheendofthewinter.Clothesarecheaperattheendofaseasonandcanbestoreduntilthenextseason.Somepeoplearegoodtailors,andtheycanaltertheirclothestomakethemfashionable.Theymayevencreateoriginalstyles.
unit3
Therearemanykindsofnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquake,flood,drought,forestfire,tsunami,snowstorm,blizzard,hailstorm,hurricane,typhoon,tornado,landslide,andvolcaniceruption.AnearthquakeisasuddenchangeormovementintheEarth'scrust,causingamovingandshakingoftheground.Afloodcanbecausedbyexcessiverainfallorquickmeltingofsnow.Whenthewateroverflowsariver'sbanks,thenearbylow-lyinglandisflooded.Whenthereisnorainforalongperiodoftime,thereisadrought:
cropsfailandpeoplemaydieofthirst.Aforestfiremaybecausedbylightningorhumannegligence--forexample,aburningcigarettebutt--orarson.Itmaydestroylargeforests.Atsunamiisagiantwavethatrollsontotheshore.Itcanbecausedbyanunderseaearthquake,volcaniceruptionorlandslide.Asnowstormbecomesablizzardwhenthewindblowshardandvisibilitydecreases.
Anearthquakedamagespoorly-builtstructures.Apowerfulearthquakecandestroyevenwell-constructedbuildings.Whenthebuildingsfalldown,humanlivesandpropertyareruined.Aftershocks(余震)maycauseadditionalcasualties.Aheavydeathtoll,ifnotdealtwithpromptly,maybefollowedbyanepidemic.
Itisdifficulttopredictearthquakes,sowecanonlytakepreventivemeasures.Forexample,inanareapronetoearthquakes,weshouldconstructstrong,quake-proofbuildings.Weshouldalsoprepareemergencykitsthatincludeatorch,first-aidmedicinesandbandages.Weshouldmoveoutofdangerousquakezones.Whenanearthquakestrikeswhileweareinabuilding,weshouldmoveoutside.Ifthereisnotimetoleave,wecanhideunderastrongtableorbedtoavoidbeinghurtbyfallingobjects.Don'tforgettoturnofftheelectricityandgastoavoidaccidents.
Afloodcaninundateavastarea,destroyingcropsandbuildings.Ifpeopledonotescapeingoodtime,theyaredrowned.Followingtheflood,thereiscropfailure,whichmayleadtowidespreadfamine.Ifmanypeopledieintheflooding,theirbodies,ifnottreatedquickly,maygiverisetoanepidemic.Thankstotechnologicalprogress,wecannowdealwithfloodsmoresuccessfully.Wecanbuilddykestopreventriversfromoverflowingtheirbanks.Wecanbuilddamsandreservoirstoregulatethewaterleveltopreventafloodoradrought.Whenthereistoomuchsiltintheriver,wecandredgeit.Deforestationcanbeprohibitedintheupper-streamareas.Treesandgrasshelptokeepsoilinplaceanddecreasesiltintheriver.Whenfloodingthreatens,thepopulationoflow-lyingareaswillbeevacuatedaccordingtoplan.
Naturaldisastersareoftensopowerfulthattheycausewidespreaddestruction.Inthefaceoftheragingelements,manmayseemhelpless.However,thereisalothumanbeingscandotoreducethedangers.Forexample,althoughtheforceofanearthquakeisintimidating,wecanconstructquake-proofbuildings,andavoiddangerousquakezones.Topreventflooding,wehavebuiltdykes,damsandreservoirs,andmanypotentialfloodshavebeenprevented.Thedamsandreservoirscanalsobeusedtofightadroughtbyallowingtheirrigationofdryfields.Asalastresort,wecanchoosetoevacuateadisaster-pronearea.Infact,humanbeingshaveachievedremarkablesuccessinovercomingnaturaldisasters.
unit4
Generallyspeaking,itisnecessary.Employees'jobshouldbeclearlydefined.Withadetailedjobdescription,aworkerwillhaveadefiniteaimandhighmotivationtoworktowardthataim.Theyknowhowtheywillberewardedandpunished.Accuratejobdescriptionscandomuchtopreventunnecessaryduplicationandconflictamongworkers.Ifeveryoneinacompanyworksasanorganizedteam,thecompanyislikelytogrowandprosper.However,somepotentialproblemsareworthnoting.Ifajobdescriptionistoodetailed,somestaffmemberswillturnablindeyetoanythingthatfallsoutsidetheirscopeofresponsibilitiesevenifitisimportanttothecompanyasawhole.Norshouldjobdescriptionsstandinthewayofcooperationamongemployees.Ifthoseproblemscanbeovercome,jobdescriptionswillplayasignificantroleintheco
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