课时微训练7.docx
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课时微训练7.docx
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课时微训练7
课时微训练7
(时间:
45分钟 满分:
41分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)
A
(2014·辽宁卷)
Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?
UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,the_opposite_is_true:
_treessurvivethroughtheircooperationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.
Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.
Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.
“Wedid'ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.
[语篇解读] 树比我们大多数人曾经想象得都要复杂,树彼此合作和支持,通过营养传递来生存。
1.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees________.
A.competeforsurvival
B.protecttheirownwealth
C.dependoneachother
D.providesupportfordyingtrees
解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段,可知这里提到达尔文的适者生存的理论,则相反的是树是彼此依赖的。
答案:
C
2.“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausethey________.
A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforest
B.passonnutritiontoyoungtrees
C.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumans
D.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties”
解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段可知mothertrees之所以重要是因为它们将营养传给小树。
答案:
B
3.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto________.
A.how“treesocieties”work
B.howtreesgrowold
C.howforestryindustrydevelops
D.howyoungtreessurvive
解析:
代词指代题。
it出现在文章最后一段,实际上it指代的是第四段提到的内容,人们砍倒快死的mothertrees是不知道树的社会依存关系,可知it指代“树的社会”是怎样运作的。
答案:
A
4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumans
B.YoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtection
C.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouThink
D.TreesContributeToOurSociety
解析:
主旨大意题。
根据全文内容,可知文章介绍树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系,它们之间相互依赖,快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好的成长。
答案:
C
B
(2014·黑龙江省大庆市高三下学期第三次质量检测)
Hummingbirdsareamongthesmallestofbirds,mostspeciesmeasuringinthe7.5~13cmrange.Individualsfromsomespeciesevenweighlessthanapenny.Theyareknownashummingbirdsbecauseofthehummingsoundcreatedbytheirbeatingwings,whichsometimessoundslikebees.
Hummingbirdscanflyatspeedover54km/h;theyarealsotheonlygroupofbirdswiththeabilitytoflybackwards.Hummingbirdsdonotspendalldayflying,astheenergycostwouldbeprohibitive;themajorityoftheiractivityconsistssimplyofsittingorperching.Hummingbirdsspendanaverageof10~15%oftheirtimefeedingand75~80%sittinganddigesting.
Toconserveenergywhiletheysleeporwhenfoodisscarce,hummingbirdshavetheabilitytogointoahibernation.Whenthenightsgetcolder,theirbodytemperaturecandropsignificantlyandthusslowdowntheirheartandbreathingrate,thusburningmuchlessenergyovernight.Asthedayheatsbackup,thehummingbirds'bodytemperaturewillcomebackupandtheyresumetheirnormalactivity.
Hummingbirdsdrinknectar,asweetliquidinsidecertainflowers.Likebees,theyareabletoassesstheamountofsugarinthenectartheyeat;theyrejectflowertypesthatproducenectarthatislessthan10%sugarandpreferthosewhosesugarcontentishigher.Nectarisapoorsourceofnutrients,sohummingbirdsmeettheirneedsforproteins,vitamins,minerals,ect.bypreyingoninsectsandspiders.Hummingbirdseatmanysmallmealsandconsumeasmuchastwelvetimestheirbodyweightinnectareachday.Hummingbirdsdigesttheirfoodrapidlyduetotheirsmallsizeandhighmetabolism(新陈代谢).
Hummingbirdsaretypicallyveryterritorialwhenitcomestofood;onceahummingbirdfindsaconsistentsourceoffoodsuchasanartificialfeeder,itwillfightoffotherhummingbirdstomaintaincompletedominanceoverthefoodsource.
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了蜂鸟的生活习性。
5.Themainpurposeofthetextisto________.
A.askpeopletoprotecthummingbirds
B.comparedifferentkindsofhummingbirds
C.introducethelivinghabitsofhummingbirds
D.reportanexperimentabouthummingbirds
解析:
主旨大意题。
文章介绍了Hummingbirds(蜂鸟)的身长、体重,速度,居住习惯,饮食习惯等,可知C项符合题干。
答案:
C
6.Thehummingbirdgetsitsnamebecause________.
A.itisassmallasabeeinsizeandweight
B.itfeedsonthesamedietasbees
C.itcantellhowmuchsugariscontainedinitsfoodlikebees
D.itcreatesthehummingsoundbybeatingitswings
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段中信息:
Theyareknownashummingbirdsbecauseofthehummingsoundcreatedbytheirbeatingwings,...可知D项正确。
答案:
D
7.Hummingbirdsgointoahibernation________.
A.whenitsmetabolicrateistoohigh
B.toreducetheneedforfood
C.duringthedaytime
D.toadapttothelowtemperature
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段中信息:
Toconserveenergywhiletheysleeporwhenfoodisscarce,hummingbirdshavetheabilitytogointoahibernation.可推知,蜂鸟进入冬眠是为了保存能量减少对食物的需求,故选B项。
答案:
B
8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthehummingbird'seatinghabits?
A.Theyareunwillingtosharefoodwitheachother.
B.Theyspendmostoftheirtimefeeding.
C.Theycangetenoughproteinsfromnectar.
D.Theydon'tneedmuchfoodbecauseoftheirsmallsize.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据最后一段中信息:
...onceahummingbirdfindsaconsistentsourceoffood...,itwillfightoffotherhummingbirdstomaintain...thefoodsource.可知A项正确。
答案:
A
Ⅱ.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
(2014·河南省开封市摸底考试)
Alittleboy,whohadgreatfaithinGod,wantedtomeetGodhimself.Hepackedhisbackpackwithsomecookiesandsomejuiceandstartedhisjourney.He__9__(go)aboutthreeblocks,whenhemetanoldwoman.Shewassittinginthepark,just__10__(stare)atsomefallenleavesonthelake.Theboysatdownnexttoherandopenedhisbackpack.Hewasabouttotakeadrinkfromhisjuice__11__henoticedthattheladylookedhungry,soheofferedhersomecookies.She__12__(grateful)acceptedthemandsmiledathim.Hersmilewassoprettythattheboywantedtosee__13__again,soheofferedherabottleofjuice.Onceagainshesmiledathim.Theboywas__14__(delight).Theysatthereallafternooneatingandsmiling,buttheyneversaid__15__word.
Theboy'smotherwassurprisedbyhisjoywhenhereturnedhome.Sheaskedhim,“Whatwasit__16__madeyousohappy?
”Hereplied,“IhadlunchwithGod.Youknowwhat?
She'sgotthemostbeautifulsmileI'veeverseen!
”
Meanwhile,theoldwoman'ssonwasstunnedbythelookofpeace__17__herfaceandthemothersaidhappily,“IatecookiesintheparkwithGod.Youknow,he'smuch__18__(young)thanIexpected.”
[语篇解读] 这是一篇讲述爱和善良能传递正能量的文章。
一个小男孩在公园里递给了一位老奶奶一些吃和喝的。
当他看到老奶奶脸上的笑容时,他以为他见到了上帝。
然而老奶奶却认为这个懂事有爱心的小男孩就是上帝。
9.解析:
短文通篇使用一般过去时,描述过去发生的事情,故此处也应用一般过去时。
答案:
went
10.解析:
stare与She是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式,在句中作伴随状语。
答案:
staring
11.解析:
他刚要喝一口果汁,就在这时,他注意到老奶奶看起来很饿。
此处是beabouttodo...when结构,故填when,这里when是并列连词。
答案:
when
12.解析:
空处作状语修饰谓语动词accepted,故用grateful的副词形式。
答案:
gratefully
13.解析:
空处指代前面提到的Hersmile,故用it。
答案:
it
14.解析:
空处作表语,且主语是人,故用形容词delighted。
delighted“(感到)高兴的”。
答案:
delighted
15.解析:
他们整个下午都在吃着笑着,但是一句话也没有说。
这里表示泛指,应填不定冠词a。
答案:
a
16.解析:
分析句子成分可知,本句为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,强调的是主语What,故应填that。
答案:
that
17.解析:
thelookonone'sface表示“在某人脸上的表情”,故此处应用介词on。
答案:
on
18.解析:
根据空后的than和空前的much可知,此处应填形容词的比较级。
答案:
younger
Ⅲ.根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
(2014·北京卷)
EvaluatingSources(来源)ofHealthInformation
Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.__19__
Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.__20__
Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.__21__Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.
Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.__22__Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).
__23__Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.
Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.
A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.
B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.
C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.
D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.
E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.
F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor'spointofview.
G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhe
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