专题15 阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx
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专题15 阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx
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专题15阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版
2014年高考英语分项解析精编版
专题15阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文
社会生活
【2014·全国新课标II】B
SincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanhavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn’tknowatthattimethereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit,”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.
Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes,”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstAccordingtoUSgovernmentreports,emissions(排放)fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5tons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith,theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“Greenthinking”hasbeepartofpractices.
Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms,;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.
Twenty–fiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Today,it’shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.”Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange!
”sayBruceAnderson.
【小题1】AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout___
Athesocialmovement
Brecyclingtechniques
Cenvironmentalproblems
DtheimportanceofEarthDay
【小题2】Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlyefrom?
AThegrass–rootslevel
BThebusinesscircle
CGovernmentofficials
DUniversityprofessors
【小题3】WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?
ATheyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest
BTheyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems
CTheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.
DTheyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.
【小题4】.Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?
AEducation
BPlanning
CGreenliving
DCOreduction
所学校都有关于环境保护的课程,而且通过最后BruceAnderson说的话“Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange!
”可知教育在改变人们保护环境意识,改善环境问题方面至关重要,故答案选A。
考点:
考查社会生活类短文阅读。
【2014·湖北卷】D
You’veflownhalfwayaroundtheworld;you’vesniffedoutthisplacethatnobodyinFalonglandorThailandseemstohaveeverheardof;sowhatonearthistheretodohere?
Youconsiderthisquestionasyousinkintoanoldwoodenbeachchairthatholdsyouabovethesand.
ItwasalongjourneyfromBangkoktoHuaplee.Bythetimeyoufoundthebusstationandgotyourselfsortedout,ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland.
HuapleeislocatedjustsouthofHuaHin,abouttwohundredkilometresfromBangkok,downthewestsideoftheGulfofThailand.Notmanytouristsfindthisplace,andtheonesthatdowonderiffindingithasbeentheirpurposeallalong.
There’sanapparentlazinessthatsurroundsyouhere.It’swhatthisplaceoffers,andit,sfreeofcharge.Thesmallwavesthattaptheshorelineseemtosloweverythingdown.Yousettleintoyourbeachchairinpreparationforalongrest.Yousitthereandwatchthesea.
It’searlyafternoon,sothecookesoutandaskswhatyou’dliketoeatthisevening.Beforelonghe’srushedofftothemarkettobuytheingredientsforwhateveritwasthatyouordered---everymealfreshandtoorder.Nomenuhere.
Thereisnopoolsidenoiseherebutjustthatwonderfullywarm,clearbluesea.There9snostreetnoise.Theonlysoundsarethemurmursofnature.Fornowyoujustcountyourblessings(福祉),listingtheminthesandwithyourtoe(脚趾)•Youdon’thavetoworryaboutbeinglateforwork.Youdon’thavetodoanything.
Thebeachtoyourrightstretchesofftothehorizon(地平线),slowlynarrowingtonothingnessonlytore-emergeagainonyourleft,nowsteadilywideninguntilitcoversthechairbeneathyou.Sandtoyourleftandsandtoyourright;it’sunbroken,endless.Nostart,noend,justsand,sun,andpeace.Stepoffit,andyoure-entertheworldoftraffic,stress,work,andhurry.
Normallyyou,rethetypewhocan,tsitstillformorethantenminutes,butyou’reonHuapleeLazyBeachnowand,intherightframeofmind,itstretchesallthewayaroundtheworld.
“Howcouldittakemesolongtofindit?
”youwonder.
【小题1】WhentheauthorfirstwenttoHuapleeBeach,____
A.hefounditunworthwhile
B.hefailedtosorthimselfout
C.hebecamesensitivetosmell
D.hehaddifficultyinfindingit
【小题2】WhatisspecialaboutthefoodserviceatHuapleeBeach?
A.Nomenu.
B.Freefood.
C.Selfservice.
D.Quickdelivery.
【小题3】Intheauthor’sopinion,atouristcanenjoyHuapleeBeachmostwhenhe____.
A.sitsinabeachchair
B.forgetshisdailyroutine
C.plansadetailedschedule
D.drawspicturesinthesand
【小题4】Whatdoestheauthorimplybyhisquestionattheendofthepassage?
A.Heshouldn’thavecountedhisblessings.
B.Heshouldhaveunderstoodthewonderofnature.
C.Heshouldn’thavespentsomuchtimeonthetrip.
D.Heshouldhaveetotheplaceearlier.
Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreachitshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybeesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.
Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdswereabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.mercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.
Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.
In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardeninSeptember1,1914.
【小题1】Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.
A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica
C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.WerethelargestpopulationintheUS
【小题2】Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’_______.
A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution
【小题3】Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?
A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.
C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.
【小题4】WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?
A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.
C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
【解析】
试题分析:
本文是一篇记叙文。
叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
在美国,18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。
人们认为旅鸽数量多,会永恒的供应,于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。
19世纪末,美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。
在1897年,到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时,在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。
最后一批旅鸽,于1914年,在辛辛那提动物园死去。
【2014·辽宁卷】C
Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treesmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?
UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmoreplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:
treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit".
Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)
networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.
Simardtalksabout"mothertrees",usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown"mothertrees"withnoawarenessofthesehighlyplex"treesocieties"orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.
"Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit"Simardsayssadly."Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance."Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.
【小题1】Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.
A.peteforsurvival
B.protecttheirownwealth
C.dependoneachother
D.providesupportfordy
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