全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.
To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.
1.A:
grantB:
submitsC:
transmitsD:
delivers
2.A:
minorB:
objectiveC:
crucialD:
external
3.A:
issueB:
visionC:
pictureD:
moment
4.A:
ForexampleB:
OnaverageC:
InprincipleD:
Aboveall
5.A:
fondB:
fearfulC:
capableD:
thoughtless
6.A:
inB:
onC:
toD:
for
7.A:
ifB:
untilC:
thoughD:
unless
8.A:
promoteB:
emphasizeC:
shareD:
test
9.A:
decisionB:
qualityC:
statusD:
success
10.A:
chosenB:
stupidC:
foundD:
identified
11.A:
exceptionalB:
defensibleC:
replaceableD:
otherwise
12.A:
inspiredB:
expressedC:
conductedD:
secured
13.A:
assignedB:
ratedC:
matchedD:
arranged
14.A:
putB:
gotC:
gaveD:
took
15.A:
insteadB:
thenC:
everD:
rather
16.A:
selectedB:
passedC:
markedD:
introduced
17.A:
beforeB:
afterC:
aboveD:
below
18.A:
jumpB:
floatC:
dropD:
fluctuate
19.A:
achieveB:
undoC:
maintainD:
disregard
20.A:
promisingB:
possibleC:
necessaryD:
helpful
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal——meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat——andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear——about64itemsperperson——andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
A:
poorbargainingskill.
B:
insensitivitytofashion.
C:
obsessionwithhighfashion.
D:
lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto
A:
combatunnecessarywaste.
B:
shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
C:
resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
D:
shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
A:
accusation.
B:
enthusiasm.
C:
indifference.
D:
tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?
A:
Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
B:
Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
C:
Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
D:
Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
A:
Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
B:
Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
C:
Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
D:
Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:
"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
A:
easecompetitionamongthemselves
B:
lowertheiroperationalcosts
C:
avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers
D:
providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:
A:
onlineadvertisers
B:
e-commerceconductors
C:
digitalinformationanalysis
D:
internetbrowserdevelopers
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
A:
manycutthenumberofjunkads
B:
failstoaffecttheadindustry
C:
willnotbenefitconsumers
D:
goesagainsthumannature
29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?
A:
DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose
B:
AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT
C:
DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers
D:
Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads
30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
A:
indulgence
B:
understanding
C:
appreciaction
D:
skepticism
Text3
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.
Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.
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