公务员招考体检复检申请书#46doc.docx
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公务员招考体检复检申请书#46doc.docx
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公务员招考体检复检申请书#46doc
公务员招考体检复检申请书.doc
Therelationshipbetweenlandecologicalfunctionchangesandsocialdevelopmentneeds:
ThecaseofcentralChina
aabaaaYangWei,DuanJian-nan,LiuLuo,LiuYi,HuWenmin,WangHaiyan
(a.CollegeofResourceandEnvironment,HunanAgricultureUniversity,Changsha410128,
China,b.StateKeyLaboratoryofResourcesandEnvironmentalInformationSystem,Instituteof
GeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;)
Abstract:
Socialdevelopmentneeds(SDN)andlandecologicalfunctions(LEF)havechanged,asevidencedbytheinfluenceduringthepasttwodecadesofrapidlygrowingeconomyandpeople'smaterialandculturalneeds.Inthisstudy,SDNwerecalculatedbasedonFive-YearPlans,andLEFweredeterminedbyLUCCdatafrom1990,1995,2000,2005and2010byusingtheDelphimethodandPearsonmethod,respectively.ForthestudyarealocatedincentralChina'sHunanProvince,therelationshipbetweenSDNandLEFwassubsequentlyanalyzed.Resultsoftheseanalysesshowed:
(1)TheneedsoftheecologicalenvironmentofsocialdevelopmentinHunanProvinceshowedanupwardstrend,increasing8.13%,andtheagricultureproductneedsandsociallifeneedsincreased8.13%and6.83%,respectively.Incontrast,theeconomicdevelopmentandculturalandeducationalneedswerereducedby13.02%and6.96%,respectively,from1990to2010.
(2)TheLEFoftheHunanProvincedecreased0.26%inthepast20years.Themainreasonforthedecreaseofecologicalfunctionswastheconversionoffarmlandandwoodlandsintoconstructionland.(3)ThechangeoftheLEFhasasignificantnegativecorrelationwithecologicalneedsandsociallifeneedsofSDN,whileasignificantpositivecorrelationwitheconomicneedswasshown.Whenthelandecologicalfunctiondecreased,therequirementsoftheecologicalenvironmentandsociallifehavegraduallyincreased;otherwise,thedemandforeconomicdevelopmentwillbedecreased.
Keywords:
Land;EcologicalFunctions;SocialDevelopmentNeeds
Introduction
Developmentofsocietyistypicallyaccompaniedbyaseriesofproblems,suchasunreasonableuseoflandresourcesandeco-environmentaldegradation,whicharecausedbyindustrialization,urbanization,rapidpopulationgrowth,etc.Inrecentyears,theseproblemshavegainedmoreattentionfromscholars.Forexample,intropicalregions,Shiferaw(2011)foundthateconomicdevelopmentandpopulationgrowthcontributedtotheconversionoflargeareasofgrasslandandwoodlandtofarmlandandpasture,whichraisedaseriesofsocialandecologicalproblems.InCentralEurope,manyscholarssuchasJuraj(2013)alsonoticedproblemswithlargeareasofdisusedvineyardlandandthechangingtheuseoflandcausedbythemarketingeconomy.InLaPlataBasinofSouthAmerica,Seung(2013)foundthattheamountofprecipitationplayedapositiveroleinallofthelandcover.Dong(2014)notedthat,inadditiontonaturalconditionsand
populationconditions,thereareotherdrivingforcesthatcanalsocausechangesinlandcoverandlanduse.Forexample,miningorecanleadtoeconomicimprovement,urbansprawlandpopulationaggregation.Meanwhile,JianchaoXi(2014),bystudyingfunctionalchangesinrurallandinGougezhuang,foundthatthemaincauseofchangesintheindustrialstructureoflandfunctionwasfromvillagelivingtoavarietyofneedstomeetthedemandsoftourists,whichledtotherapidexpansionofconstructionlandbothhorizontallyandverticallyoverthepast25years.
Itcanbeseenfromtheabovethatcurrentstudiesonlandresourcesreflectonlythedirectreasonsfortheseproblems.However,therelationshipbetweensocietydevelopmentdemandandlandecologicalproblemsneedsfurtherresearchanddiscussion.ThisstudyoftheHunanProvinceincentralChina,whichhasdevelopedrapidlyeconomicallyoverthepast20years,attributesecologicalproblemscausedbyirrationaluseoflandresourcestothedecreaseorlossofLEFfromtheperspectiveofecologicalservices.ThisstudyfocusesonthedemandsofthewholesocietyandchangesinLEFasaresearchobjecttoanalyzethespatial-temporalevolutionoflandfunctionsandSDNandtorevealtherelationshipbetweenhumansocietydevelopmentneedsandchangesinlandfunctions.
OverviewoftheStudyArea
LocatedinthecentralChinahinterlandandthemiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver,HunanProvinceisneighboredbyJiangxiintheeast,ChongqingandGuizhouinthewest,GuangdongandGuangxiinthesouth,andHubeiinthenorth.Itcoversalandareaof211,815squarekilometers.Ineastlongitude108?
47'to114?
15',HunanProvinceisthetransitionalzonefromtheYunnan-GuizhouPlateautotheJiangnanhillylandandfromtheNanlingMountainstotheJianghanPlain.Itissurroundedbymountainstotheeast,westandsouth,anditgraduallyslopesdowntothecentralnortheastregions.Itselevationofgenerallymorethan2000metersabovesealevelisidenticaltothedistributionofthefeaturesoftheterrain.
Hunan,enjoyingasubtropicalhumidmonsoonclimatewithobviousfeaturesofacontinentalclimate,isrichinsunlight,heatandwaterresources,thehighvaluesofwhicharenearlyinsync.Theweatherisvariableoverayear;itiscoldinwinterandhotinsummer.Thetemperatureisalsovariableinspringanddropssuddenlyinautumn.Itisrainyinspringandsummerwithdryseasonsinautumnandwinter.TheannualsunshinetimeinHunanis1300-1800hours.Itsannualaveragetemperatureisbetween15-18ºC.Inwinter,undertheinfluenceofthewintermonsoon,coldairdescendsintoHunanfromthemountainsinalldirectionsexceptthenorth.Therefore,theaveragetemperatureinJanuaryisbetween4-7ºC.Hunan’sfrost-freeperiodlastsaslongas260-310days,
and280-300daysinmostregions.Theannualaveragerainfallisbetween1200-1700mm.Therefore,HunanenjoysamplerainfallandisoneofChineseprovinceswithlargevolumesofprecipitation.
Fig1.MapofChinawiththeresearcharea(HunanProvince)highlighted.
ResearchMethodsandSteps
ResearchMethods
Thefunctionheremeanssatisfyingademandfromanobject.Fromtheperspectiveoflandfunction,thereisadirectrelationshipbetweenfunctionandneeds,andthechangesinlandfunctionsareaffectedbyademand.Therefore,landfunctionchangesinanareaareaffectedbyitssocialdevelopmentdemands.AsonepartoftheChinesenationalsocio-economicplans,the“Five-YearPlan”aimstoplanforasignificantproportionofmajorconstructionprojects,distributionofproductivityandthenationaleconomyandtostipulategoalsanddirectionsforthevisionofnationaleconomicdevelopment.Therefore,thispaperregardsthebasictasksandtargetssetinthe“Five-YearPlan”asperiodicdemandsofChineseregionalsocialandeconomic
development.
DataCollection
InChina,the“Five-YearPlan”reflectsthedemandsofsocialdevelopment.Thisstudy,onthebasisofthemaintasksanddevelopmentindicatorsoftheeighthtothetwelfth“Five-YearPlans”
concerningHunanProvince,analyzesdifferentdemandsofHunansocialandeconomicdevelopmentindifferentstages.Thesocialdemanddatausedheretakethe“Five-YearPlan”as
thebasisofquantitativesocialdemands.Thereareeight“Five-YearPlans”,includingtheeighthto
theeleventh,whichcamefromtheHunanDevelopmentandReformCommission.The“Five-Year
Plan”isapartofChina’snationaleconomicplan,aimingtoplanforasignificantproportionofdistributionofproductivityandthenationaleconomyandtostipulategoalsanddirectionsforthevisionofthenationaleconomicdevelopment.
Thelandcoverdatainthisstudyfrom1990,1995,2000,2005and2010arefromthenationallandusedatabase,whichisintheCenterofResourceandEnvironmentdatabaseoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS).Thenationallandusedatabaseisadatasetcomprisingamulti-temporal1:
100,000scaleofthecurrentlandusestatusforallofChina.Thisdatabasewasestablishedthroughyearsofdataaccumulationunderthesupportofmanyimportantprojectsnationally,fundedbytheNationalScienceTechnologySupportPlanProjectsandtheInnovativeProgramoftheCAS(LiuJiyuan,2005,2003,2010).Thisdataset,withLandsatTM/ETMremotesensingimagesastheprimarydatasource,isgeneratedbyartificialvisualinterpretation.Thelandusetypesincludesixfirst-leveltypes:
farmland,woodland,grassland,water,residentialareasandunusedland.Fieldinvestigationandvalidationshowthattheaccuracyofcomprehensiveevaluationofthefirst-levellanduseisabove94.3%.Thisstudy,fromthefiveperiodsoflandusedataset,investigatedthechanginglandcoverofHunanProvinceincentralChinafrom1990to2010.
ResearchSteps
Ourwork,whichutilizesbothcollectedlandcoverdataandquantificationofsocietydevelopmentdemandsandlandecologicalfunctionchangesintheHunanProvinceincentralChina,determinedthevariationinsocietydevelopmentdemandsandLEFduringeachperiodofthe“Five-YearPlan”from1990to2010.Wealsoanalyzedthevariationinthefourperiodsandshowedtherelationshipbetweensocietydevelopmentdemandsandlandecologicalfunctionchanges(Fig2).
LUCCTheFive-YearPlan
Landfunctions
NormalizationLandfunctionalvaluecalculation
QuantitativeresultsofsocialneedsResultsoflandecologicalfunction
SocialdevelopmentneedschangesLandfunctionchanges
Relationshipbetweenlandfunctionandsocialdevelopmentneeds
Fig2StudySteps
SocietyDevelopmentNeeds
Withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,theobjectivesofthe“Five-YearPlan”change;these
changescanreflectvariationsinsocialdemands.Afuzzyalgorithm
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