unit8.docx
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unit8.docx
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unit8
Unit8知识点讲解
1.GiveaspeechonhowtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
speech:
n.“说,演讲”giveaspeechon“做关于…演讲”:
speakv.“说”speak—spoke—spoken
spoken:
adj“口语的”spokenEnglish:
“英语口语”
speakern.“演讲者,扬声器”
2.Writeanoticefortheparty.(祈使句:
以动原开头)
notice:
n.“通告,布告”v.“注意到,意识到”
noticeboard:
“布告栏”putupanotice:
“张贴布告”
Eg:
Ifyoulookatthenoticeboard,you’llfindthedetailsoftomorrow’sclasses.
DidyounoticewhetherIlockedthedoor?
3.Myteachertoldmetowriteanarticleonnewspaper.
tellvt.告诉tellsbtodosth“告诉某人做某事”tellsbsth“告诉某人某事”
辨析:
tell/speak/say/talk(复习)
4.Therecanbemorethanoneanswer.
can:
此处表推测,意为“可能”
Eg:
Theanswercanberight.这个答案可能是正确的。
情态动词表推测:
must,can,couldmay,might都可表推测。
must可能性最大,can/could
次之,may/might最小。
must用于肯定推测表“一定”
can用于否定推测表“不可能”
may/might用于肯定和否定推测表“可能”,“可能不”
Eg:
ItmustbeTom’s.Ithashisnameonit.
TheguitarmaybelongtoAlice.Sheplaystheguitar.
Hecan’tbeBob,hehasgoneout.
Hemaynotknowtheman.
5.speakEnglishconfidentlyinpublic.
inpublic:
“当众,公开地”,publicadj.“公共的”反义词private“私人的”
confidently:
adv“自信地”adj:
confident“自信的”n.confidence:
“信心”
Eg:
Heisvery.Hecangiveaspeechtohisclassmates(confident).
6.…workedhardtomaketheirEnglishWeekabigsuccess.
make…abigsuccess:
“使…大获成功”
7.SomestudentsputonanEnglishplay.OtherstudentstookpartinanEnglishsingingcompetition.
another:
“另一个”
other:
“其他的”相当于形容词,+名词,(剩余的另一些,不是全部)
theother:
“其他的”相当于形容词,+名词,(剩余的,全部)
还可表示两者中的另一个
others:
“其他的…”相当于代词,后不接名词,(剩余的另一些,不是全部)
theothers“其他的…”相当于代词,后不接名词,(剩余的,全部)
some…other+n….“一些…另一些”
some…others…“一些…另一些”
one…theother…“一个…另一个…”
Eg:
Inourclass,somestudentslikesinging,otherstudentslikedancing.
Inourclass,somelikesinging,otherslikedancing.
Therearetwentydeskshere.Oneisfortheteacher,theothersareforthestudents.
Therearetwopresents.Oneisforyou,theotherisforTom.
another+数词+名词复数=数词+more+名词复数另外的…
Eg:
anothertendollars=tenmoredollars另外的十美元
puton:
“上演,穿上”
相关词组:
putup“张贴,搭起,举起”;putout“伸出,扑灭”
putoff“推迟”putinto“放进”
putaway“放好,收起来”putupwith“容”
putforward“提出,提前”putback“放回,把(钟表)拨慢”
8.Iadvisepeopletospeakslowly.
advisev.“建议”=suggest(用法不同)
advisesbtodo“建议某人做某”=suggestsb+doingsth/suggestdoingsth
Eg:
Iadvisewaitingtilltherighttime.
Headvisesmetostopsmoking.=Hesuggestsmestoppingsmoking.
advicen.“建议(不可数)”=suggestion(可数)
giveadvice
apieceofadvice/asuggestion一个建议
someadvice=somesuggestions一些建议
givesomeadvice/somesuggestionson“给关于…的建议”
advisesbon/about“关于…建议某人”
Theteacheradvisedstudentsaboutstudy.就学习问题老师给学生们提出了建议。
9.Itgavemeachancetolearnnewwords.
chancen.“机会(可数)”choosev.“选择”choicen.“选择(可数)”
Eg:
Youhavethreechoicestochoose.你有三个选择可以选择。
10.Inmyopinion,everyschoolshouldhaveanEnglishWeek.It’sworthdoing.
◆opinion:
“意见,观点,主张”可数
inone’sopinion:
“依某人看来”
opinion与advice区别
opinion:
可数,指对某一事物的看法,意见
advice:
不可数,指提出善意的或建设性的忠告或意见,或向有经验的的人寻求意见
◆beworthdoing“某事值得被做(主动形式表被动意义)”
Eg:
Thebookisworthreading.
11.OnthelastdayofEnglishWeek,theheadteachergaveaspeechtothewholeschool.
whole:
adj“整个的,全部的”=complete常用结构:
the+whole+名词单数
whole/all区别:
◆all可修饰各类名词,但限定词要放在all之后。
whole一般修饰具有整体意义的单数名词,限定词放whole前面。
thewholeschool=alltheschool全体学生
Eg:
thewholetime全部的时间mywholelife我的一生
allthemoney所有的钱allhisbooks他所有的书
◆一般来说,whole不可修饰复数名词,但是若复数名词前有具体的数量词时,可用whole。
threewholedays/allthreedays三天整
12.YoushouldcommunicateinEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.
communicate…with…“与…交流”n.communication“交流”
Eg:
Youcancommunicatewithhim.
wheneveradv.“无论何时,在任何时候”=nomatterwhen引导让步状语从句
Eg:
Youcanaskforhelpwheneveryouneedit.你如果需要帮助可以随时提出来。
类似的词:
whatever“无论什么”wherever“无论何地”however“无论怎样”
语法:
情态动词should/oughtto/hadbetter
◆should和oughtto
1.should作为情态动词,没有人称和数的变化。
通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和oughtto互换使用。
例如:
should/shouldn’t
I/You/He/She/We/They+discussit.
oughtto/oughtnotto
Youshould/oughttocompleteyourtestintime.
你们应该按时做完你们的实验。
一般疑问句及回答:
---Shouldwediscussitnow?
---Yes,weshould/oughtto.
---Oughtwetodiscussitnow?
---No,weshouldn’t/oughtnotto.
Eg:
Weoughttobemorecarefulwithourhomework.
Theyshouldfinishtheworkontime.
Heoughtnottodoitatonce.
2.oughtto/should区别
should谈的是自己的主观看法,
oughtto则更多反映客观情况,在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。
Eg:
Weshould/oughttohelpeachotherandlearnfromeachotherinourwork.
Sheisyourmother,soyououghttosupporther.
WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow,butIdon’tthinkwewill.
◆hadbetter
为固定搭配,无人称,数和时态的变化,用来表示给予建议,后面接动词原形,hadbetter
dosth意为“最好干某事…”
Eg:
Youhadbetterbeontimeforyourlessons.你最好准时上课。
hadbetter通常缩写成’dbetter
Eg:
Youhadbetterbecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.=You’dbetterbecarefulwhenyou
crossthestreet.当你过马路的时候,你最好小心点
肯定形式:
hadbetterdosth最好干某事
否定形式:
hadbetternotdosth最好不要干某事
Eg:
Youhadbettergoandseeadoctor.你最好去看下医生。
Hehadbetternotgooutnow.他最好现在不要出去。
含有hadbetter的反义疑问句,把had作为助动词,否定用hadn’t。
Eg:
We’dbetterstayathometoday,hadn’twe?
我们最好是呆在家里,是吗?
Shehadbettergetreadyforthecomingexam,?
其他情态动词复习
◆can(could)与beableto
can=beableto能够,表示能力
区别:
can只有两种时态,即can和could
beableto有多种时态,如was/wereableto,willbeableto,have/hasbeenableto等
表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用beableto,而不能用can。
Eg:
Iwasabletoswimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.
can能表否定猜测,beableto不能。
can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句。
Eg:
Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?
Itcan’tbeourteacherwhoisknockingatthedoor.
其肯定形式是mustbe。
如:
Itmustbeourteacherwhoisknockingatthedoor.
◆haveto和must
'必须'haveto表示客观的必须,
must表示主观的必须
Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉
害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
(客观上需要做这件事)
Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。
(主观上要做这件事)
haveto有人称、数、时态的变化(hasto/hadto)
must只有一种形式。
Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.
否定结构:
don'thaveto表示"不必"
mustn't表示"禁止",
Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他
[注]:
回答must提出的问题
Eg:
---MustIdoitnow?
---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.
◆may和might
表示推测,意思是:
可能,可用于肯定与否定推测。
Itmayrainthisevening.You'dbettertakeanumbrella.今晚可能要下雨,你最好带上雨伞。
may过去式为might
◆need
做实义动词需要needtodosth否定形式:
don’tneedtodosth
做情态动词需要needdosth否定形式:
needn’tdosth
Eg:
Youneedfinish/needtofinishyourhomeworktoday.
[注]:
need/must提问,回答需要注意:
NeedIdomyhomeworknow?
--Yes,youmust(你必须)./No,youneedn’t/youdon'thaveto(你不必).
MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?
--Yes,youmust(你必须)./No,youneedn’t/youdon'thaveto(你不必).
课堂作业
一、单项选择。
()1.John_____cometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.
A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must
()2.They_____dowellintheexam.
A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto
()3.--MayItakethisbookout?
--No,you_____.
A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't
()4.You_____goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou'regotafever.
A.canB.mustC.dareD.would
()5.--CanyouspeakJapanese?
--No,I______.
A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.maynot
()6.--He______beintheclassroom,Ithink.
--No,he______beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.
A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;can'tD.may;mustn't
()7.--ShallIgetonemorecakeforyou,Dad?
--Thanks,butyou______,I'vehadenough.
A.maynotB.mustnotC.can'tD.needn't
()8.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan'tworkoutthisproblem,soit_beverydifficult.
A.mayB.mustC.canD.need
()9.Heisn'tatschool.Ithinkhe_____beill.
A.canB.shallC.mustD.hasto
()10.______Itakethisone?
A.MayB.WillC.AreD.Do
()11.Youlateforschool.
A.hadnotbettertobeB.hadnotbetterbe
C.hadbetternottobeD.hadbetternotbe
()12.You’dbetteratonce.
A.goB.goesC.wentD.togo
()13.Iwasn’tsurewhetherIoffertohelpornot.
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.needed
()14.Welearnasmuchaswecanatschool.
A.maynotB.shouldC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t
()15.Youdriveyourcarsofast.It’sverydangerous.
A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t
二、句型转换。
1.Youshouldhelpyourmotherwithyourhousework.(对划线部分提问)
____________________________do?
2.You’dbettergothere.(改为否定句)
____________________________gothere?
3.Theyhadfunintheparkyesterday.(改为同义句)
They__________________________intheparkyesterday.
4.Ishouldcleanmyroomeveryday.(改为一般疑问句)
_________________clean_______________roomeveryday?
5.He’dbetterfinishhishomeworktoday.(改为反意疑问句)
He’dbetterfinishhishomeworktoday,________________?
课后作业
一、单项选择。
()1.Thechildren_____playfootballontheroad.
A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must
()2.You_____belateforschoolagainnexttime.
A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto
()3.—MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?
—No,you______.
A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot
()4.Hisarmisallright.He______goandseethedoctor.
A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto
()5.Hehadtogiveuptheplan,______he?
A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn’t
()6.Theyhadtowalkhere,______they?
A.mustn'tB.didC.didn'tD.hadn't
()7.Hehadbetterstayhere,______he?
A.didn'tB.don'tC.hadn'tD.isn't
()8.You'dbetter_____latenexttime.
A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe
()9.You'dbetter______yourhair______onceamonth.
A
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