阅读技能训练.docx
- 文档编号:23477648
- 上传时间:2023-05-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:29
- 大小:39.86KB
阅读技能训练.docx
《阅读技能训练.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《阅读技能训练.docx(29页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
阅读技能训练
阅读技能训练
一般说来,快速阅读的理解率为70%,如果理解率在80%-100%之间,那么你应该继续提高读速,使理解降至70%;如果理解的正确率只有50%,那么就应该在保持原有速度的前提下,设法使理解正确率达到70%。
虽然这个理解率不算高,但你的速度却超过了常人。
如果在考试中稍稍降低一下速度,你的理解就会轻松地达到90%—100%的正确。
对于初次练习快速阅读者,加快速度阅读很可能会导致理解率的降低,这是一个非常普遍的现象,初学者一般都会经历这个阶段,所以没有必要担心。
出现这种情况时,不要急急忙忙去迁就理解而放弃已达到的高速,而应保持你已经达到的阅读速度,同时逐渐把注意力转向对文章内容的理解上。
只要这样反复多练,速度和理解一定会有很大提高。
下面的技能可以帮助你尽快提高阅读速度:
一、避免出声阅读和哑声阅读
出声阅读和哑声阅读对于快速阅读来说是一个致命的弱点。
它把阅读速度降低为讲话的速度。
正常的语速约每分钟150个单词,而正常的读速几乎等于语速的两倍。
出声阅读有时表现为只动嘴唇而不发音,有时表现为舌头和喉管运动。
如果我们在阅读时把手指放在声带部位,不管我们是否发出声,都会感到声带的震动。
这种发声现象称为“哑声阅读”。
哑声阅读还有一种很难克服的表现,即在阅读时虽然没有任何身体的运动,但在意识中,读者是一个词一个词地发出声来,而且自己仿佛还听得到。
实际上,获得文字所表达的意义并不一定要经过发音这个环节。
快速阅读的做法是,直接从字形的认知中获取意义。
那么怎样克服阅读中的出声和哑声阅读现象呢?
这里提出建议两点:
第一,阅读时在主观上应以弄清楚作者的思想为阅读目的,要不断地思考阅读材料:
“这是什么意思?
”“我不同意他的观点!
”“这一点和另一点有什么联系?
”读者应该积极地与作者交流,而不是简单地重复作者说过的话。
第二,应该极力快读,使阅读的速度超过出声阅读的速度,尽量不给后者留下任何时间。
下面5个句子每个只出现5秒钟,你需要在5秒钟内读完并回答后面的问题。
(1) Wecommunicatethroughsymbols,bothaudibleandvisible,thatstandforsomethingwehaveexperienced.(15words)
1:
Whatarethetwokindsofsymbolswecommunicatethrough?
2:
Whatdothesymbolsstandfor?
(2) Thedifferencebetweenlibelandslanderisthatlibelisprintedwhileslanderisspoken.(15words)
3:
Whatarethetwothingsthatthesentencetalksabout?
4:
What'sthedifferencebetweenthem?
(3) Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg..(17words)
5:
Whichpartofthebodydoesthesentencetalkabout?
6:
Whereisitonabody?
(4) Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyonwhatgrowsbestinitsclimateandsoil.(18words)
7:
Whatdoesthesentencetalkabout?
8:
Onwhatdothefoodseateninanycountrydependlargely?
(5) IntheeasternpartofNewJerseyliesthecityofElizabeth,amajorshippingandmanufacturingcenter.(18words)
9:
WhatisElizabethinthissentence?
10:
Whereisshelocated?
练习六将出现15秒,快速阅读并回答后面的问题。
Thesiliconchipsare,ofcourse,microprocessors,minutebuthighlysophisticatedelectroniccircuitssuitedtoanalmostinfinitevarietyofapplications,fromthehumblepocketcalculatortothecontrolofentireautomatedfactoriesandwarehouses.(35words)
11. Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?
A.siliconchips
B.silverchips
C.electronicdevices
D.noneoftheabove.
12. Whatisnotreferredtointhepassage?
A.thehumblepocketcalculator
B.thecontrolofentireautomatedfactoriesandwarehouses
C.themicroprocessors
D.thesiliconvalley
二、避免返读现象
返读现象是指在阅读过程中重新阅读刚刚读过的单词或句子来进一步确定读过的内容。
返读是阅读能力低的一种表现。
一般来说,任何读者都会有返读现象,但有时返读是因为读者遇到了生词或较难理解的句子,他希望通过返读来研究生词和难句,并加深记忆,这种情况自然无可非议:
但低劣的读者把返读变成一种习惯,返读的次数远远超过了正常的阅读需要。
如果在阅读中经常有返读现象,就会限制阅读速度,干扰注意力,并且影响对文章的理解。
因此要想达到快速阅读,必须尽可能地减少返读的次数。
那么如何避免返渎现象呢?
首先选取生词较少、内容浅易的材料,进行大量的简单、轻松的阅读练习;其次在阅读时注意提醒自己不要往回看,把注意力集中在思考文章内容上面。
久而久之,返读的次数必然会减少。
下面的练习是专为克服返读现象而设计的,快速阅读这些文章,提醒自己直往前看,同时思考文章内容。
练习一只出现25秒,快速读完并回答后面的问题。
Onemorningmyteen-agedaughtersencounteredastraydoginourneighborhoodpark.Whentheyleft,hefollowed.Concernedforhissafety,theynotedtheowner'saddressonhislicensetagandtookhimtohishome.Nobodyansweredthedoor,sotheyranganeighbor'sbellandaskedwhenthedog'sownerswouldreturn."I'mnotsure,butprobablysoontheneighborreplied."Theyjustwenttothepark." (71words)
1. Wheredidthegirlsfindthedog?
2. Wheredidtheytakethedog?
3. Wheredidthedog'sownersgo?
练习二只出现30秒,快速读完并回答后面的问题
NotlongagomyactorbrotherhadasmallpartasamailmaninamoviebeingfilmedonaNewYorkCitystreet.Sincetheareahadnotbeenropedoff,passers-bywerefreetoroamthroughuntilthecamerasstartedrolling.Whilemybrotherwaswaiting,awomanwalkedbyandstoppedtoaskhimdirectionstoacertainstreet.Hetoldherthathewasnotfamiliarwiththearea.Asshewalkedaway,hecouldhearhermutter,"Nowonderwenevergetourmail."
(89words)
4. Whatistheauthor'sbrother?
A.Amailman
B.Apasser-by
C.Afilmmaker
D.Anactor
5. Whydidthewomansay,"Nowonderwenevergetourmail"?
A.Becausethemailmanwasnotfamiliarwiththearea.
B.Becausethemailmandidn'ttellhertheway.
C.Becauseshethoughttheauthor'sbrotherwasarealmailman.
D.Noneoftheabove.
从上面的两篇练习你可以看出这是发生在生活中的一些小幽默。
它们的语言简单易懂。
而且饶有趣味,在你读它们的时候,是否还需要不时地回头看呢?
接着读下面一篇感人的短文,用最短的时间结束阅读,相信你一定会急于看到结尾而顾不上总是往回看了。
练习三只出现5分钟,快速读完并回答后面的问题:
MyForeverValentine
ThetraditionalholidaysinourhousewhenIwasachildwerespenttimingelaboratemealsaroundfootballgames.Myfathertriedtomakepleasantchitchatandeatasmuchashecouldduringhalftime.AtChristmashefoundtimetohaveacuportwoofholidaycheeranddonhisholly-shapedbowtie.Buthedidn'ttrulyshineuntilValentine'sDay.
Idon'tknowwhetheritwasbecauseworkattheofficeslowedduringFebruaryorbecausethefootballseasonwasover.ButValentine'sDaywasthetimemyfatherchosetoshowhisloveforthespecialpeopleinhislife.OvertheyearsIfondlythoughtofhimasmy"ValentineMan."
MyfirstrecollectionofthemagichecouldbringtoValentine'sDaycamewhenIwassix.ForseveraldaysIhadbeencuttingoutvalentinesformyclassmates.Eachofuswastodecoratea"mailbox"andputitonourdeskforotherstogiveuscards.Thatboxanditscontentsusheredinasuccessionofbittersweetmemoriesofmyentranceintoaworldofpopularitycontestsmarkedbythenumberofcardsreceived,theteasingaboutboyfriends/girlfriendsandthetendercareIgavetothecardfromthecutestboyinclass.
ThatmorningatthebreakfasttableIfoundacardandagift--wrappedpackageatmychair.Thecardwassigned"Love,Dad,"andthegiftwasaringwithasmallpieceofredglasstorepresentmybirthstone,aruby.Thereislittledifferencebetweenredglassandrubiestoachildofsix,andIrememberwearingthatringwithapridethatallthecardsintheworldcouldnotsurpass.
AsIgrewolder,thegiftsgavewaytoheart-shapedboxesfilledwithmyfavoritechocolatesandalwaysincludedaspecialcardsigned"Love,Dad."Inthoseyearsmythank-yousbecamemoreofaperfunctoryresponse.Thecardsseemedlessimportant,andItookforgrantedthevalentinethatwouldalwaysbethere.Longpastthedaysofhavinga"mailbox"onmydesk,Ihadplacedmyhopesanddreamsinreceivingcardsandgiftsfrom"significant others",and"Love,Dad"justdidn'tseemquiteenough.
Ifmyfatherknewthenthathehadbeenreplaced,heneverletitshow.Ifhesensedanydisappointmentovervalentinesthatdidn'tarriveforme,hejusttriedthatmuchhardertocreateapositiveatmosphere,givingmeanextrahuganddoingwhathecouldtomakemydayalittlebrighter.
Mymailboxeventuallyhadaruraladdress,andthejobofand-deliveringcandyandcardswasrelegatedtotheU.S.PostalService.Neverintenyearswasmyfather'spackagelate-norwasitontheValentine'sDayeightyearsagowhenIreachedintothemailboxtofindacardaddressedtomeinmymother'shandwriting.
Itwasthekindofcardthatcomesinaninexpensiveassortmentboxsoldbyachildgoingdoor-to-doortotrytoearnmoneyforaschoolproject.Itwasthekindofcardyouusedtogetfromagrandmotheroranagingauntor,inthiscase,adyingfather.Itwasthekindofcardthatputalumpinyourthroatandtearsinyoureyesbecauseyouknewthepersonnolongerwasabletogooutandbuyarealvalentine.Itwasacardthatsignaledthiswouldbethelastyouwouldreceivefromhim.
Thecardhadaphotographoftulipsontheoutside,andontheinsidemymotherhadprinted"HappyValentine'sDay."Beneathit,scrawledinbarelylegiblehandwriting,was"Love,Dad."
Hisfinalcardremainsonmybulletinboardtoday.It'sareminderofhowspecialfatherscanbeandhowimportantithasbeentomeovertheyearstoknowthatIhadafatherwhocontinuedatraditionoflovewithagenerosityofspirit,simpleactsofunderstandingandanabilitytoexpresshappinessoverthepeopleinhislife.
Thosethingsneverdie,nordoesthememoryofamanwhoneverstoppedbeingmyvalentine.(700words)
6. Whywerethechildrentodecoratea"mailbox"andputitontheir desksonValentine'sDay?
A. Toreceivelettersfromtheirteacher.
B. Toreceivecardsfromtheirclassmates.
C. Toreceivecardsfromtheirboyfriends.
D. Toreceivelettersfromtheirgirlfriends.
7. Whatdidtheauthor'sfatherdoeveryyearonValentine'sDaytoshow hisloveforhischild?
A. Hetookhertotravelabroadeveryyear.
B. Heonlygaveheraspecialcardsignedwith"Love,Dad"everyyear.
C. Hegavehervariousgiftswithacardsignedwith"Love,Dad"every year.
D. Hedidnothing.
8. Whydidtheauthorknowherfatherwasdyingatthesightofthecard
hehadsenther?
A. Becausethecardwasthekindthatonebuysfromthechildgoingdoor-to-doorsellingcards,whichmeansherfatherwastooilltogooutandbuyacardforher.
B. Becausethecardwasnotsogoodlooking,whichsignaledthatherfatherwasnotsogoodalso.
C. Becausethecardwasnotsignedwith"Love,Dad"asusual.
D. Becausethecardwasdeliveredlate.
9. Whatdoesthepassagewanttotellusmainly?
A.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 阅读 技能 训练