国贸实务期末复习广外.docx
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国贸实务期末复习广外.docx
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国贸实务期末复习广外
国贸实务期末复习
Chapter1Overview
●InternationalTradePracticeandConventions
•贸易术语
–INCOTERMS2000/2010(InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms)
•信用证
–UCP600(UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit)
•托收
–URC522(UniformRulesforCollections)
•买卖合同的磋商和订立
–CISG(UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods)
Chapter2TradeTerms
2.1Tradetermsandinternationalcustomarypractices
贸易术语及国际贸易惯例
2.1.1ThedefinitionofTradeTerms(贸易术语)
●ThetradetermsrefertousingabriefEnglishconceptorabbreviationtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.
●Internationalcustomarypractices
v国际贸易惯例:
v指在国际贸易的长期实践中所形成的若干具有普遍意义的习惯性做法和解释。
RelevantInternationalUsages
Usages
Drawer
Time
TradeTerms
RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1990
AmericanCommercialgroups
1919
ExPointofOrigin
FOB,FAS,C&F,CIF,ExDock
Warsaw—OxfordRules1932
TheInternationalLawAssociation
1928
CIF
InternationalRulesfortheInterpretation
ofTradeTerms
InternationalChamber
ofCommerce
1936
11tradetermsinE、F、C、Dgroups
●其他国际惯例和公约
1.合同契约方面
v《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》
v英国《1893年货物买卖法案》
2、支付方面
v
(1)《跟单信用证统一惯例》ucp600
v
(2)国际商会《托收统一规则》1996年6月1日实施
v(3)《关于审核跟单信用证项下单据的国际标准银行实务》(ISBP)2002年通过
3、运输与保险方面
4、仲裁方面
v①《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则》
v②联合国《承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的公约》
●《INCOTERMS2000》
●Incoterms®2010贸易术语
术语缩写
术语全称
适用的运输方式
EXW
ExWorks工厂交货(插入指定交货地点)
任何运输方式
FCA
FreeCarrier货交承运人(插入指定交货地点)
任何运输方式
CPT
CarriagePaidTo运费付至(插入指定目的地)
任何运输方式
CIP
CarriageandInsurancePaid运费和保险费付至
任何运输方式
DAT
DeliveredAtTerminal运输终端交货
任何运输方式
DAP
DeliveredAtPlace目的地交货
任何运输方式
DDP
DeliveredDutyPaid完税后交货
任何运输方式
FAS
FreeAlongShip船边交货(插入指定装运港)
水运方式
FOB
FreeOnBoard船上交货(插入指定装运港)
水运方式
CFR
CIF
CostandFreight成本加运费(插入指定目的港)
Cost,InsuranceandFreight成本、保险加运费
(插入指定目的港)
水运方式
水运方式
●《INCOTERMS2010》
2010年9月27日公布,2011年1月1日实施
(一)变化
1、由原来的EFCD四组分为两组:
适合任何运输方式和海洋运输;
2、贸易术语由原来的13个变成11个;
3、删除了《2000通则》中D组的四个贸易术语,即DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU;
4、新增加两个贸易术语
DAT(DeliveredAtTerminal)在指定的目的地或目的港的集散地交货;
DAP(DeliveredAtPlace)在指定的目的地交货;
●《2010通则》的划分
1、适合任何运输方式的贸易术语:
CIP;CPT;DAP;DAT;DDP;FCA;EXW(7种)
2、适合海洋运输
CFR;CIF;FAS;FOB
●INCOTERMS2010《2010通则》的特点
(1)根据卖方的义务分成以下几组
GroupE:
也称“启运”术语(departureterm)
GroupF:
也称“主运费未付”术语(maincarriageunpaidterms)
GroupC:
也称“主运费已付”术语(maincarriagepaidterms)
GroupD:
也称“到达”术语(arrivalterms)
●实际交货—EXW、DAT、DAP、DDP
●象征性交货—FOB、FAS、CFR、CIF、CFR、FCA、CPT、CIP
定义:
卖方凭单据履行交货义务,买方凭单据付款。
只要卖方按照合同的规定将货物装船并提交齐全的、正确的单据,买方就必须支付货款,即使货物在运输途中遭受灭失,买方也不能拒收单据和拒收货款。
2.2TradeTermsinCommonUse
FOB(FreeOnBoard)----FCA(FreeCarrier)
CFR(CostandFreight)----CPT(CarriagePaidTo)
CIF(CostInsuranceandFreight)----CIP(CarriageInsurancePaidto)
ØFOB(…namedportofshipment)
1)“FreeonBoard”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel,andthebuyerbearsallcostsfromthatmomentonwards.
2)“船上交货”是指卖方在指定的装运港,将货物交至买方指定的船只上,或者指(中间销售商)设法获取这样交付的货物。
一旦装船,买方将承担货物灭失或损坏造成的所有风险。
3)Seller’sObligation
1.Responsibilities
A.Deliverthegoods
B.Clearthegoodsforexport
C.Loadthegoodsontheshiparrangedforandnamedbythebuyer
D.Sendshippingadviceimmediately
E.Deliverrelateddocumentsorequivalentelectronicdata
2.Expenses
Alltheexpensesbeforethegoodshavebeenshippedonboard.
3.Risks
Alltherisksbeforethegoodshavebeenshippedonboard.
4)Buyer’sObligations
1.Responsibilities
A.Designatetheshipandnotifytheseller
B.Makeinsurance
C.Paytheprice
D.Clearthegoodsforimporting
E.Takedeliveryofthegoods
2.Expenses
Alltheexpensesafterthegoodshavebeenshippedonboard.
3.Risks
Risksafterthegoodshavebeenshippedonboard.
注意:
风险有时会提前或推后转移;但无论是风险的正常转移还是风险的提前、推后转移都有前提条件,即货物需特定化(Specialization)。
即货物已经适当地划归本合同,即已清楚地分开或以其他方式特定为该合同项下的货物.
●Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothefollowingproblems:
1.LoadingCharges(byVoyageCharter)
A.Stipulateinthecontract
LoadingChargestobeCoveredbytheSeller(Buyer).
•LoadingCharges装船费用:
•平舱费(trimmingcharges)、
•理舱费(stowagefee)、
•捆扎费(cashingcharges)、
•加固费(securingcharges)等
B.DerivedFOBterms(FOB的变形)
2.Arrangementofgoodsandship(关于船货衔接)
Adviceofgoodsready(备妥货物)--Adviceofarrangingtheship(租船订舱)--
Adviceofshipment(装船通知)
3.DifferentdefinitionofFOB
•1)《1990年美国对外贸易定义修订本》
•①FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)
•②FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)freightpreparedto(namedpointofexportation)
•③FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)freightallowedto(namedpoint)
•④FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofexportation)
•⑤FOBvessel(namedpointofshipment)
•⑥FOB(namedinlandpointincountryofimportation)
•只有FOBvessel(namedpointofshipment)与通则中的FOB相似
ØCFR(…namedportofdestination)
a)Seller’sObligations
1.Responsibilities
A.Deliverthegoods
B.Clearthegoodsforexport
C.Charterashiporbookshippingspace
D.Loadthegoods
E.Sendshippingadviceimmediately
F.Deliverthedocumentsorequivalentelectronicdata
2.Expenses
Expensesbeforetheshipment,Loadingcharges,Regularfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.
3.Risks
SameasFOB.
●Moreattentionshouldbepaidto:
Unloadingcharges
A.Stipulateinthecontract
UnloadingChargestobecoveredbytheBuyer.
B.DerivedtermsofCFR
CFRExShip’sHoldNewYork
ØCIF(…namedportofdestination)
1.Insurance
InsuranceCoverage
Ifotherwisestipulatedinthecontract,thesellermayinsureICC(C)orequivalentcoverage.
InsurableAmount
Ifotherwisestipulatedinthecontract,theinsurableamountshouldbeatleast110%CIFvalue.
2.Risks
SameasFOB,CFR.
3.Unloadingcharges
SameasCFR.
4.Salesbydocuments
象征性交货(SymbolicDelivery)
实际交货(PhysicalDelivery)
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenFOB,CFR,CIF
2.PriceunderFOB,CFR,CIF
FOB+F(国外运费)=CFR
CFR+I(国外保险费)=CIF
FOB=Costofgoods+Domesticexpenses+Profits
ØFCA(…namedplace)
1.“FreeCarrier”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrieroranotherpersonnominatedbythebuyerattheseller’spremisesoranothernamedplace.Thepartiesarewelladvisedtospecifyasclearlyaspossiblethepointwithinthenamedplaceofdelivery,astheriskpassestothebuyeratthatpoint.Ifthepartiesintendtodeliverthegoodsattheseller’spremises,theyshouldidentifytheaddressofthosepremisesasthenamedplaceofdelivery.If,ontheotherhand,thepartiesintendthegoodstobedeliveredatanotherplace,theymustidentifyadifferentspecificplaceofdelivery.
2.Seller’sObligations
1.Responsibilities
A.Deliverthegoods
B.Clearthegoodsforexport
C.Deliverthegoodstothecarriernamedbythebuyer
D.Notifythebuyerimmediately
E.Deliverthedocumentsofequivalentelectronicdata
2.Expenses
Expensesbeforethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.
3.Risks
Upondeliverytothecarrier.
注意:
Ifdeliveryoccursattheseller’spremises,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.
Ifdeliveryoccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.
ØCPT(…namedplaceofdestination)
CPT=FCA+F(国外运费)
ØCIP(…namedplaceofdestination)
CIP=CPT+I(国外保险费)
●Relationshipbetweentermsincommonuse
●OtherTradeTerms
GroupE
ØEXW(…namedplace)
1、“ExWorks”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenitplacesthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheseller’spremisesoratanothernamedplace(i.e.,works,factory,warehouse,etc.).Thesellerdoesnotneedtoloadthegoodsonanycollectingvehicle,nordoesitneedtoclearthegoodsforexport,wheresuchclearanceisapplicable.
2、ThistermrepresentstheMINIMUMOBLIGATIONfortheseller,andthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksinvolvedintakingthegoodsfromtheseller’spremises.Thistermshouldnotbeusedwhenthebuyercannotcarryouttheexportformalitiesdirectlyorindirectly.Insuchcircumstances,theFCAtermshouldbeused,providedtheselleragreesthathewillloadathiscostandrisk.
GroupF
ØFAS…(namedportofshipment)
Thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.
GroupD
ØDAP(DELIVEREDATplaceinsertnamedplaceofdestination)Incoterms2010
“Deliveredatplace”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportreadyforunloadingatthenamedplaceofdestination.Thesellerbearsallrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedplace.
ØDAT(insertnamedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)Incoterms2010
“Deliveredatterminal”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoods,onceunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransport,areplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeratanamedterminalatthenamedportorplaceofdestination.“Terminal”includesanyplace,whethercoveredornot,suchasaquay,warehouse,containeryardorroad,railoraircargoterminal.
ØDDP(DELIVEREDDUTYPAIDinsert
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