不定式做宾语补足语及练习.docx
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不定式做宾语补足语及练习.docx
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不定式做宾语补足语及练习
不定式作宾语补足语的类型
动词不定式既有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。
它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等:
动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。
不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:
(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)
一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+todo…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+nottodo…”。
例如:
dosb/sthtodosth
Mybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.
分析:
句中“Myboss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.
Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)todo…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。
二、有些动词可跟“宾语+tobe…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:
Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.
分析:
句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
Iknowhimtobealiar.
Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+tobe…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。
三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:
Hesawherentertheroom.
分析:
句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
Shewon'tletmedoit.
Iheardherlockthedoor.
Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。
还有两个词组:
listento,lookat.
注意:
这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。
请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
例如:
Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.
Shewasoftenhe?
?
3?
②在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。
有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词有:
?
一感二听三让四观看。
?
?
?
一感:
feel?
?
?
二听:
hear,?
listen?
to?
?
?
三让:
let,?
have,?
make?
?
四观看:
observe,?
see,?
watch,?
look?
at?
?
这类动词有:
make,?
let,?
have等。
转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式?
(have没有被动语态)。
?
?
What?
would?
you?
have?
me?
do?
?
?
?
?
?
你要我做什么?
?
?
She?
made?
him?
give?
up?
smoking.?
?
?
?
她让他戒了烟。
?
?
Let?
him?
do?
whatever?
he?
wishes?
to?
do.?
?
?
?
他想干什么就让他干吧。
?
ardtosingthissong.
四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。
例如:
I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.
分析:
句中“I”做主语,“willhelp”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
上句的被动语态为:
You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.
五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:
Heshoutedtometocomeover.
分析:
句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+todo…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
Idependonyoutodoit.
Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+todo…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
shouttosb.todo,callonsb.todo,countonsb.todo,dependonsb.todo,waitforsb.todo等。
六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:
HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicCommittee.
分析:
句中“He”做主语,“wasknown”作谓语,使用了被动语态。
由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。
故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.
七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:
HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.
分析:
句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。
由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下列句子。
Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.
Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.
间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。
例如:
Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.
八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:
hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.
分析:
句中“She”做主语,“didn'twant”作谓语,“herson”作宾语,由于“herson”与“takeaway”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下列句子。
I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.
Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.
■练习:
1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全国)
A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow
2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京)
A.don'tmakeB.notmake?
C.notmaking?
D.nottomake
3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004北京)
A.formetaking?
B.metaking?
C.formetotake?
D.metotake
4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)
A.causing?
B.beingcaused?
C.tobecaused?
D.tohavecaused
5.-IsBobstillperforming?
-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2005江苏)
A.tohaveleft?
B.toleave?
C.tohavebeenleft?
D.tobeleft
6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006上海)
A.grow?
B.grown?
C.togrow?
D.tohavegrown
7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006上海)
A.tomake?
B.tobemade?
C.tohavebeenmade?
D.tobemaking
答案:
1.A?
2.D?
3.D?
4.C?
5.A?
6.A?
7.B?
?
?
(编辑:
赵露)
5?
2.?
----There’s?
a?
hole?
in?
your?
bag.?
----?
I?
know,?
I’m?
going?
to?
have?
it?
_____.?
A.?
mend?
?
?
?
?
B.?
mending?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
mended?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
be?
mended?
3.?
Though?
he?
had?
often?
made?
his?
little?
sister?
____,?
today?
he?
was?
made?
____?
by?
his?
little?
sister.?
A.?
cry;?
to?
cry?
?
?
B.?
crying;?
crying?
?
?
C.?
cry;?
cry?
?
D.?
to?
cry;?
cry?
4.?
They?
would?
not?
allow?
him?
_____?
across?
the?
enemy?
line.?
A.?
to?
risk?
going?
?
?
?
?
B.?
risking?
to?
go?
?
?
?
C.?
for?
risk?
to?
go?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
risk?
going?
5.?
I?
found?
the?
door?
_____?
when?
I?
got?
home.?
A.?
opened?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
close?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
unlocking?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
open?
6.?
The?
boy?
wanted?
to?
ride?
his?
bicycle?
in?
the?
street,?
but?
his?
mother?
told?
him?
___.?
A.?
not?
to?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
not?
to?
do?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
not?
do?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
do?
not?
to?
7.?
I?
couldn’t?
do?
my?
homework?
with?
all?
that?
noise____.?
A.?
going?
on?
?
?
?
?
B.?
goes?
on?
?
?
?
?
C.?
went?
on?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
go?
on?
8.?
With?
a?
lot?
of?
difficult?
problems_____,?
the?
newly-elected?
president?
is?
having?
a?
hard?
time.?
A.?
settled?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
settling?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
settle?
?
?
?
D.?
being?
settled?
9.?
I?
advised?
_____?
at?
once.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
A.?
him?
to?
starting?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
him?
to?
start?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
starting?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
start?
?
10.?
When?
I?
put?
my?
hand?
on?
his?
chest,?
I?
could?
feel?
his?
heart?
still?
____.?
A.?
beat?
?
?
?
?
B.?
to?
be?
beating?
?
?
?
?
C.?
beating?
?
?
?
D.?
was?
beating?
11.?
You?
had?
better?
get?
a?
doctor?
_____?
your?
bad?
tooth.?
A.?
pull?
out?
?
?
?
B.?
to?
pull?
out?
?
?
C.?
pulled?
out?
?
?
?
D.?
pulling?
out?
12.?
He?
managed?
to?
make?
himself?
?
?
?
?
?
?
with?
his____?
English.?
A.?
understand;?
breaking?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
understand;?
broken?
?
?
B.?
C.?
understood;?
breaking?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
understood;?
broken?
13.?
The?
doctor?
asked?
him?
not?
to?
leave?
his?
wound?
______.?
A.?
expose?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
exposed?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
expose?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
exposing?
14.?
They?
are?
going?
to?
have?
the?
service?
man?
____?
an?
electric?
fan?
in?
the?
office?
tomorrow.?
A.?
install?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
to?
install?
?
C.?
to?
be?
installed?
?
?
D.?
installed?
?
6?
15.?
After?
a?
few?
rounds?
of?
talks,?
both?
sides?
regarded?
the?
territory?
dispute?
______.?
A.?
being?
settled?
?
?
B.?
to?
be?
settled?
?
?
C.?
had?
settled?
?
?
?
?
D.?
as?
settled?
?
16.?
You?
will?
see?
this?
product?
____?
wherever?
you?
go.?
A.?
to?
be?
advertised?
?
?
B.?
advertised?
?
?
C.?
advertise?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
advertising?
?
17.?
His?
remarks?
left?
me?
_____?
about?
his?
real?
purpose.?
A.?
wondered?
?
?
?
B.?
wonder?
?
?
C.?
to?
wonder?
?
?
D.?
wondering?
?
18.?
When?
I?
caught?
him?
______?
me?
I?
stopped?
buying?
things?
there?
and?
started?
dealing?
with?
another?
shop.?
A.?
cheating?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
cheat?
?
?
C.?
to?
cheat?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
be?
cheating?
?
19.?
Though?
he?
had?
often?
made?
his?
little?
sister?
____,?
today?
he?
was?
made?
____?
by?
his?
little?
sister.?
A.?
cry;?
to?
cry?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
crying;?
crying?
?
?
C.?
cry;?
cry?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
cry;?
cry?
20.?
Did?
you?
intend?
us?
___?
the?
new?
method?
?
?
?
?
A.?
using?
?
B.?
to?
use?
?
?
C.?
using?
?
D.?
are?
using?
?
21.?
The?
teacher?
encouraged?
us?
______?
?
good?
compositions.?
?
A.?
Writing?
?
?
B.?
written?
?
C.?
to?
write?
?
D.?
is?
writing?
?
22.?
The?
boy?
wanted?
to?
ride?
his?
bicycle?
in?
the?
street,?
but?
his?
mother?
told?
him?
___________.?
?
?
A.?
not?
to?
?
B.?
not?
to?
do?
?
?
C.?
not?
do?
it?
?
?
D.?
do?
not?
to?
23.?
Mrs.?
Brown?
was?
much?
disappointed?
to?
see?
the?
washing?
machine?
she?
had?
had?
_______went?
wrong?
again.?
A?
.it?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
it?
repaired?
?
?
?
C?
.repaired?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
be?
repaired?
24.?
With?
a?
lot?
of?
difficult?
problems_____,?
the?
newly—elected?
president?
is?
having?
a?
hard?
time.?
A?
.settled?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
settling?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
settle?
?
?
?
D.?
being?
settled?
25.?
With?
trees,?
flowers?
and?
grass_____?
everywhere,?
my?
native?
town?
had?
taken?
on?
a?
new?
look.?
A.?
planting?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
planted?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
plant?
?
?
?
?
?
D?
.to?
be?
planted?
26.?
She?
was?
glad?
to?
see?
her?
child?
well_____?
care?
of.?
A.?
take?
?
?
B.?
to?
be?
taken?
?
?
C.?
taken?
?
?
?
D.?
taking?
7?
27.?
The?
result?
of?
the?
entrance?
exams?
was?
not?
made?
_____to?
the?
public?
until?
last?
Thursday.?
A.?
knowing?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
known?
?
?
C.?
to?
know?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
be?
known?
28.?
I?
can?
make?
you?
_____what?
I?
say,?
but?
you?
can’t?
make?
yourself?
____?
in?
English.?
A.?
understand;?
?
?
?
?
understand?
?
?
?
?
?
B?
.understand,?
?
?
?
understood?
C?
to?
understand,?
?
?
understand?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
understand;?
?
?
?
to?
be?
understood?
29.?
He?
found?
them?
____?
at?
a?
table_____.?
A.?
sat;?
to?
play?
chess?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
sitting;?
to?
play?
chess?
?
C.?
seated;?
playing?
chess?
?
?
D.?
seat;?
play?
the?
chess?
30.?
John?
rushed?
out?
in?
a?
hurry,?
___?
the?
door_____.?
A.?
leaving;?
unlocked?
?
?
B.?
leaving;?
unlocking?
?
C.?
left;?
unlocked?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
leave;?
unlocking?
31.?
We?
are?
pleased?
to?
see?
the?
problem___?
so?
quickly.?
A.?
settled?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
settling?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
be?
settled?
?
?
?
D.?
having?
been?
settled?
32.?
I?
could?
feel?
the?
wind?
___on?
my?
face?
from?
an?
open?
window.?
A?
.to?
blow?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B?
.blowing?
?
?
C.?
to?
be?
blowing?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D?
.blown?
33.?
____?
production?
up?
by?
60%,the?
company?
has?
had?
another?
excellent?
year.?
A.?
As?
?
B.?
For?
?
C.?
With?
D.?
Through?
34.?
____?
everything?
____?
?
she?
left?
the?
supermarket?
with?
satisfaction.?
A.?
As,?
buying?
?
?
B.?
For,?
to?
buy?
?
?
C.?
With,?
bought?
?
?
?
?
?
D?
.Because,?
to?
buy?
35.?
Don’t?
leave?
the?
water?
____?
while?
you?
brush?
your?
teeth.?
?
(天津2004)?
A.?
run?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
running?
?
?
?
?
C.?
being?
run?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
to?
run?
36.?
He?
looked?
around?
and?
caught?
a?
man?
___?
his?
hand?
into?
the?
pocket?
of?
a?
passenger.?
?
A.?
put?
?
?
?
?
B.?
to?
be?
putting?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
put?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
putting?
37.?
Laws?
that?
punish?
parents?
for?
their?
little?
children’s?
actions?
against?
the?
laws?
get?
parents?
_______.?
?
(重庆?
2004)?
A.?
worried?
B.?
to?
worry?
?
?
?
?
C.?
worrying?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.?
worry?
38.?
The?
teacher?
asked?
us?
_____?
so?
much?
noise.?
?
?
(北京2003)?
A.?
don’t?
make?
?
B.?
not?
make?
?
?
C.?
not?
making?
?
D.?
not?
to?
make?
39.?
An?
army?
spokesman?
stressed?
that?
all?
the?
soldiers?
had?
been?
ordered?
____?
clear?
8?
warnings?
before?
firing?
any?
shots.?
?
(上海2003)?
A.?
to?
issue?
?
?
?
?
?
B.?
being?
issued?
?
?
?
?
?
C.?
to?
have?
issued?
?
?
D.?
to?
be?
issued?
40.-Good?
morning.?
Can?
I?
help?
you?
?
-I'd?
like?
to?
have?
this?
package?
__?
?
Madame.?
A.?
be?
weighed?
?
?
?
B.?
to?
be?
weigh
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