高一英语阅读理解社会文化试题经典及解析.docx

高一英语阅读理解社会文化试题经典及解析.docx

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高一英语阅读理解社会文化试题经典及解析

高一英语阅读理解（社会文化）试题经典及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,lowpayingjob.

   Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.

   Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforalessthandesirablejob.

   Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite（精英）.Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.

   MsLeesaid,"Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.CoauthorDrMadanPillutlasaid,"Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."

   Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs.

（1）Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?

A. Itisadisadvantage.

B. Itisablessing.

C. itisnotimportant.

D. Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A. Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.

B. Theimportanceoftheexperiment.

C. Theprocessoftheexperiment.

D. Theresultoftheexperiment.

（3）Anordinarylookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor_______.

A. amanager              B. aprojectdirector              C. awarehouseworker              D. anITelite

（4）Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?

A. Becausetheyaremorehardworking.

B. Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.

C. Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.

D. Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.

（5）Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?

A. Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhighleveljobs.

B. Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhighleveljobs.

C. Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.

D. Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第三段内容,特别是"Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的"Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentative"及"participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejob"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.

   Accordingtoapoll（民意调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.

   Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.Andthosearejustafewoftheadvantagesthatcanbeoursifweconsistentlygetenoughsleep,researcherssay.Alsoontheplusside:

We'relikelytohavebetterskin,bettermemories,betterjudgment,and,oh,yes,longerlives.

   “Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itinfluencesyourperformancethenextday,”saysDr.AlonAvidan,directoroftheUCLASleepDisordersCenter.

   Astudypublishedlastyearfoundthesametobetrueevenofchildren.Whenkidsaged8to12sleptforjustonehourlessforfournights,theydidn'tfunctionaswellduringtheday.

   Butsleepinghasanimageproblem.“Weseenappingorsleepingaslazy,”saysJenniferVriend,aclinicalpsychologistinOttawa,Canada,andtheleadingauthorofthestudywithchildren.“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.Infact,”sheadds,“nomatterhowmuchweworkout,nomatterhowwellweeat,wecan'tbeintopphysicalshapeunlesswealsogetplentyofsleep.”

（1）TheunderlinedpartinParagraph1means     .

A. wakingupthesleepers                                    B. drawingpeople'sattention

C. servingasamorningcall                                

D. declaringthespecialday

（2）FromParagraph3wecaninferthat     .

A. beinghealthierisoneoftheadvantagesforus

B. sleepinghasnothingtodowithone'sexpectations

C. enoughsleepistheguaranteeoftheappealingthings

D. spendingmoretimeinsleepingisawasteoftime

（3）WhatJenniferVriendsaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat     .

A. peoplecarelittleaboutsleeping                    

B. sleepingisanimageproblem

C. lazypeopletendtosleeplong                       

D. sleepingisonlypartofourlife

（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A. Totalkaboutpeople'ssleepingproblems.

B. Toprovideaninvestigationresultofsleeping.

C. Tostressthefunctionofsleepingatnight.

D. Toarousetheawarenessofenoughsleep.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。

（1）考查词义猜测。

此处指,睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡眠的重视。

由此可知,awake-upcall含有警钟的意思。

与B项表述的意思相近,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.”可知,人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Here'saselectionoffestivalsfortouriststotheUnitedStatesinsummer.

SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival

   Filmsatthisoddcinematiceventhaveavarietyofmusicalaccompaniments,includingpianoandviolin.Itincludessomeclassicsilentmovies.Ifyouwanttoseethemall,youcanbuyafestivalpass.

May29toJune1;www.silentfilm.org

UnionStreetFestival

   Thispopularstreetfairstretchesoutoversixblocksofthecity,inthefashionableshoppingareaofUnionStreet.Thisyear,there'sbeer,wine,biscuitstastingandmoreseparatethemes-fashion,cuisine,tech,local,craft,andhealthandfitness.

   June7to10;

   NorthBeachFestival

   ThisisSanFrancisco'soldeststreetparty,withliveentertainment,deliciousfoodandartsandcrafts.SituatedintheLittleItalydistrict,knownforitsassociationswiththe“BeatGeneration”,festivalgoersareguaranteedplentyofgoodItalianfood.Thereisalsoasthe“blessingoftheanimals”,aSanFranciscotraditionwhichtakesplaceattheNationalShrineofSaintFrancisofAssisi（610VallejoStreet）at2pmonbothdaysofthefestival.

   June14to16;www.sfnorthbeach.org

   SternGroveFestival

   ThisistheoldestfreesummerartsfestivalofitskindintheUnitedStates.Itincludesawidevarietyofacts,fromthelocalsymphonyorchestratowellknownartistssuchasSmokeyRobinson.

   SundaysfromJune22toAug24;www.stemgrove.org

（1）Whichofthefollowingfestivalscontainsthemostthemes?

A. UnionStreetFestival.                                       

B. SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival.

C. NorthBeachFestival.                                       

D. StemGroveFestival.

（2）HowisNorthBeachFestivaldifferentfromtheotherfestivals?

A. Festivalgoerscanenjoyfoodinit.                 

B. Itlaststheshortes