考研英语一阅读理解真题.docx
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考研英语一阅读理解真题.docx
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考研英语一阅读理解真题
考研英语一阅读理解真题
考研英语一阅读理解真题1
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:
Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Dontdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredontappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisnttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidntgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaventbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
[A]Leadingpoliticians.
[B]Low-wagelaborers.
[C]Robotowners.
[D]Middle-classworkers.
22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?
[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.
[B]Optimistsopinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.
[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled
[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison
[A]creativepotential.
[B]job-huntingskills.
[C]individualneeds.
[D]cooperativespirit.
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat
[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.
[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.
[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.
[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith
[A]opposingviewsonit.
[B]possiblesolutionstoit.
[C]itsalarmingimpacts.
[D]itsmajorvariations.
考研英语一阅读理解真题2
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin20XX.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert‘sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
考研英语一阅读理解真题3
Text1
Inthe20XXfilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,HM,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForHMtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince20XXhasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingHM,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibit
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