职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案副本.docx

职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案副本.docx

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职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案副本

2015年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案

第一部分：

词汇选项

1.Iwillnot tolerate thatsortofbehaviorinmyclass. 

A.control 

B.observe 

C.regulate 

D.accept 

答案：

D

2.Sheshowedanatural aptitude hardtoaccept.

A.sense 

B.talent 

C.flavor 

D.taste

答案：

B

3.Mostpeoplefind rejection hardtoaccept. 

A.excuse 

B.client 

C.destiny 

D.refusal 

答案：

C

4.Theorganizationwas bold enoughtofacethepress. 

A.pleased 

B.powerful 

C.brave 

D.sensible 

答案：

C

5.Theywerelockedin mortal cmbat.

A.deadly 

B.open 

C.actual 

D.active 

答案：

A

6.Wewereattractedbythe lure ofquickmoney. 

A.amount 

B.supply 

C.sum 

D.temp 

答案：

C

7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandless transparent.

A.clear

B.necessary

C.special

D.correct

答案：

A

8.TheStockExchangeisin turmoil followingahugewaveofselling.

A.Service

B.danger

C.disorder

D.threat

答案：

C

9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwill perish.

A.survice

B.last

C.die

D.move

答案：

C

10.Therewasa simultaneous trialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.

A.fair

B.full

C.coexisting

D.public

答案：

C

11.Theypromote simulation ofethnicgroupintothemain-streasmculture.

A.policy

B.value

C.equality

D.intergration

答案：

D

12.Asaleman’s cardinal ruleistosatisfycustomers.

A.principal

B.offical

C.simple

D.legal

答案：

A

13.Imust compliment youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation.

A.silence

B.praise

C.assure

D.complain

答案：

B

14.Weliveforyearsina perpetual stateoffear.

A.emotion

B.nervous

C.terribile

D.Contimuous

答案：

D

15.Thestarvingchildrenwereapathecticsight.

A.common

B.unexpected

C.unforgettable

D.pitiful

答案：

D

第二部分：

阅读判断

LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth

Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn'tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth'ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?

Well,itseemstheairwasn'tsogreatthen,afterall.

InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe"boringbillion"periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth'satmospherecouldn'thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.

"Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,"saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology."We'reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”

Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium（Cr）isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth'scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.

Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.

Oxygen'sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists."Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,"Planavskysaid."Chromiumgaveustheproxy."Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday'sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.

Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere"highlydynamic"intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,"Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling"beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

"Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,"saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside."Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”

FundingsourcesfortheresearchincludedtheNASAExobiologyProgramandtheNationalScienceFoundation'sEarth-LifeTransitionsprogram,awardedtoPlanavsky,Reinhard,andLyons.

TheothermembersoftheresearchteamincludedXiangliWang,apostdoctoralfellowatYale;ThomasJohnson,oftheUniversityofIllinois;DanielleThomson,ofCarletonUniversity;PeterMcGoldrick,oftheUniversityofTasmania;andWoodwardFischer,oftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth'scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

BACBABC

第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子

FirstImage-recognitionSoftware

1.Dartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificial1,softwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargrejthaneverbefore.

2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedto,Ishowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）or,ma9eIrecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelargeseaie,documentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiayvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptionsmakingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

3."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."

4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-rethevalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

23.Paragraph1__D__

24.Paragraph2__C__

25.Paragraph3__E__

26.Paragraph4__F__

A.Popularityofthenewsystem

B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

C.Functionofthenewsystem

D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

F.Improvementindocumentretrieval

27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby__C__.

28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin__E__.

29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore__A__

30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe__B__

A.informationinimages

B.currentpopularsearchengines

C.usingphotos

D.machinevisionsystems

E.documentsearch

F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

第四部分：

阅读理解

第一篇：

BetterSolarEnergySystems:

MoreHeat,MoreLight

Solarphotovoltaicthermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,butuntilnowtheyhaven'tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermalcollector.That'sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesiliconsolarcells,whichletsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn'taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.

That'saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythanasolar-electricsystematasubstantiallylowercost.Andit'salsoaspaceproblem:

photovoltaiccellscantakeupallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.

Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,hasdevisedasolutionintheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.HisresearchcollaboratorsareKunalGirotrafromThinSiliconinCaliforniaandMichaelPathakandStephenHarrisonfromQueen'sUniversity,Canada.

Mostsolarpanelsaremadewithcrystallinesilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsoutofamorphoussilicon,commonlyknownasthin-filmsilicon.Theydon'tcreateasmuchelectricity,buttheyarelighter,flex