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论文5
JIANGSUUNIVERSITY
本科毕业论文
英汉称呼语的语用对比研究
学院名称:
继续教育学院
专业班级:
11英语
姓名学号:
陈娟4号
指导教师姓名:
姚蔚
指导教师职称:
讲师
2013年6月
AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAddressForms
By
ChenJuan
UndertheSupervisionof
YaoWei
SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
EnglishDepartment
SchoolofForeignLanguages
JiangsuUniversity
June2013
DECLARATION
Iherebydeclarethatthissubmissionismyownworkandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,itcontainsnomaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherpersonormaterialwhichhastoasubstantialextentbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomaatanyuniversityorotherinstituteofhigherlearning,exceptwheredueacknowledgmenthasbeenmadeinthetext.
Signature:
_________
Name:
ChenJuan
Date:
_April14,2013_
原创性声明
兹呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果,在论文写作过程中参考的其他个人或集体的研究成果均在文中以明确方式标明,本人依法享有和承担由此论文而产生的权利何责任。
声明人(签名):
2013年4月14日
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Theaccomplishmentofthispaperbenefitsfromtheenlightenmentofmysupervisors,YaoWei,whoseinspiringinsights,generousencouragement,andenthusiasticinstructionhashelpedalotthroughmythesiswriting.Herpenetratingandinsightfulcommentsfurnishmewithinspiringsources.Shehasbeeninconstantconcernaboutmypaper,sparednopainstorevisemythesisdraft.IwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethankstoallmyteachersespeciallyinstructorYaoWei,fromwhomIhavelearnedtostudyefficiently.Thankstotheirdiligence,instructiveguidanceandcomprehensiveeducation,myEnglishcompetencehasimprovedgreatlyinthefouryears’study.
MyfriendsshouldalsobeonthelistofpeopletowhomIwanttoexpressmygratitude.Theyoftenencouragemetobepatientwhilewritingmypaper.
Finally,Iwanttothankmyparentswhogavemeunselfishsupportduringthefouryears’studyandwhosedebtwillneverbepaid.
ChenJuan
ABSTRACT
AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAddressForms
ChenJuan
Asoneimportantpartinspeechcommunication,addressformisconsideredasthefirstmessageconveyedfromspeakerstohearersinmanysituations.Addressform,thoughnotanewtopicinacademicresearches,isstillworthstudyingforitsimportanceinthepracticaluse.Lotsofsociologistsandlinguistsathomeandabroadhavedonemanyresearchesonaddressformsfromdifferentperspectiveswhicharemainlysociolinguistics,anthropology,cross-culture,andpragmatics.Onthebasisoftheformerresearches,thethesisdevelopsananalysisoftheaddressformsinEnglishandChinesewithsomepragmatictheories.Thethesisemploysthemethodofcontrastwhendoingthestudy.Thepurposeofthepragmaticstudyistouseaddressformsproperlyandtofindtheculturalrootsandtheimplicationofaddressforms.
Keywords:
ChineseandEnglishaddressforms,Difference,Contrast,Culturalroots
摘要
英汉称呼语的语用对比研究
陈娟
称呼是言语交往过程中的重要组成部分,在许多情况下,称呼是传递给对方的第一个信息。
称呼语的研究虽然不是全新的课题,但由于称呼语在实际运用中的重要性,仍然具有很高的研究价值。
语用研究的目的是为了能够准确的运用称呼语,进而探索称呼语的文化根源,以及对跨文化交际和英语教学的意义。
本文主要运用与称呼语相关的语用学理论,对英汉称呼语的差异进行解释分析。
如礼貌原则中的关联和独立策略,得体准则,谦虚准则,贬己尊人准则,称呼准则,以及权势与一致理论,并进一步探讨了英汉称呼语语用差异的文化根源,深入分析了称呼语的文化差异。
本文对称呼语的深入研究不仅有助于外语学习者及使用者在交际中避免潜在的冒犯或误解,帮助我们在日常生活的交流中更加有使用称呼语,而且对英语交际和英语教学具有一定的借鉴作用。
关键词:
英汉称呼语,差异,语用对比,文化根源
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSii
ABSTRACTiii
摘要iv
ChapterOneINTRODUCTION1
ChapterTwoANOVERVIEWOFADDRESSFORMS2
2.1ABriefIntroductiontoAddressForms……………………………………...2
2.1.1DefinitionsofAddressForms…………………………………………...2
2.1.2ClassificationofAddressForms………………………………………...3
2.2PreviousStudiesofAddressFormsatHomeandAbroad………………….3
2.2.1PreviousStudiesofAddressFormsAbroad……………………………..3
2.2.2PreviousStudiesofAddressFormsatHome……………………………4
ChapterThreeDifferencesofAddressFormsinEnglishandChinese5
3.1DifferencesofAddressFormsinEnglishandChinese……
3.1.1D1fferencesofPersonPronouns
3.1.2DifferencesofProperNames
3.1.3DifferencesofTitles
3.1.4DifferencesofKinshipTerms
3.2CulturalRootsofDifferencesinAddressForms
3.2.1CollectivismandIndividualism
3.2.3SolidarityandPowerinCultures
ChapterFourCONCLUSION8-10
WORKSCITED6
ChapterOne
INTRODUCTION
Addressformsarecommonphenomenainhumanverbalcommunicationindailylifeacrosscultures.Theymakeuponeofthemostimportantpartsoflanguagewordsystemsandreflectthespeaker’sandaddressee’sroleandidentity,familyandsocialstatus,intimacyorremotenessoftheirrelationshipwellastheirlikesanddislikes.
Inmanycircumstances,addressformsaretheveryfirstmessageconveyedtotheaddressee.Sometimesasimpleaddressformcantaketheplaceofalongsentenceinconveyingaprofoundmeaning.Addressingisasystematic,variablesocialphenomenon.Differentnationhasitsownuniqueaddressingsystem.Addressformsareimportantaswellasfrequentineverydaysocialinteractionsallovertheworld.Appropriateaddressingbehavioriscrucialfortheestablishmentandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.
Onthebasisoftheformerresearches,thethesisdevelopsananalysisoftheaddressformsinEnglishandChinesewithsomepragmatictheories.Thethesisemploysthemethodofcontrastwhendoingthestudy.Thepurposeofthepragmaticstudyistouseaddressformsproperlyandtofindtheculturalrootsandtheimplicationofaddressforms.
ChapterTwo
ANOVERVIEWOFADDRESSFORMS
2.1ABriefIntroductiontoAddressForms
2.1.1DefinitionsofAddressForms
Addressformsarefrequentlyusedandeasilyobservedinourdailylife,buthowtodefinethisitemisareallydifficulttaskbecausetheuseofaddressformsinvolvesmanyfactors.Addressformsarealsocalledaddressterms,termsofaddressorformsofaddress,whichcallbedefinedfromdifferentperspectives.Differentlinguists,atdifferentstages,fromdifferentperspectives,gavedifferentdefinitionsofaddressforms.Abriefreviewofsomesignificantandinfluentialdefinitionsmaythrowsomelightonourunderstandingofaddressforms.
(1)Addressformisawordorwordsusedtoaddresssomebody,inspeechorwriting.(Richardetal)
(2)Anaddressformisaformusedtoreferto,ornameapersondirectlyinspeechorwriting.(Wales)
(3)Anaddressformisthecorrecttitleornamethatyouuseforsomeonewhenyouarespeakingtohim/her.(TheLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish)
(4)Addressformisthecorrecttitleorexpressionofpolitenesstobeusedtosomeoneinspeechorwriting.(Proctor)
(5)Addressformsarethewordsandphrasesspeakersusetodesignatethepersontheyaretalkingtowhiletheyaretalkingtothem.(Faced)
Afterreviewingallthesedefinitions,thepaperherewantstomakeanattempttogiveadefinitiontoaddressformsinanarrowsenseforthedissertation:
Anaddressformisthewordorthewordsusedtoaddressapersondirectlyinspeechorwritingtomarkrelationamongpersonsaswellastoperformacertainbehavior,forexample,asavehiclefortheexpressionorexchanging
2.1.2ClassificationofAddressForms
Beforewegotothedepthofthestudyunderpragmatictheories,itisnecessarytomakesureaboutthescopeofaddressforms.Manylinguistshavedoneresearchesonaddressformsandgivendifferentwaysofclassificationsofaddressforms.Forexample,FiredrakeBrauninhisbookTermsofAddress:
ProblemsofPatternsandUsageinVariousLanguagesandCultures(1988)dividesaddressformsasfollows:
(1)
pronounsofaddress;
(2)verbformsofaddress;(3)nounsofaddress,whichincludea)names,b)kinshipterms,C)titlesofaddress,d)abstractnounsofaddress,e)professionalnounsofaddress,f)termsofendearment,g)definingaddressesbyexpressingtheaddressee’srelationtoanotherperson.ChineselinguistChenSconceinhisbookPolitenessLanguages(1989)discussestheuseofaddresstermsanddividesthemintosixmaintypes:
(1)kinshiptitles;
(2)occupationaltitles;(3)ranktitles;(4)com/nolltitles;(5)despicabletitles;(6)names.AnotherfamouslinguistTianHuiganginhisbookChineseandWesternInterpersonalAddressSystem(1998)dividestheaddressformsystemintofivesub—groups:
(1)kinshipaddressing;
(2)socialaddressing;(3)pronounsaddressing;(4)namesaddressing;(5)politenessaddressing.Althougheachlanguagehasitsuniqueaddressformsystem.
2.2PreviousStudiesofAddressFormsatHomeandAbroad
2.2.1StudiesofAddressFormsAbroad
Studyonaddressformsbywesternscholarscanbetracedbacktothe1950s.Fromthenonwesternscholarshavemadeoutstandinganddetailedresearchesonaddressforms,especiallyinthefieldofsocialmaulsticksandpsycholinguistics.Sociolinguistsandpsycholinguistshavemadesomeremarkableachievementsinthestudyofaddressforms.Theyhavepresentedaddresssystemsandtherulesthatgovernthechoiceofaddressforms.Amongthem,themostrenownedstudyonaddressformsisdonebyBrownandGilmaninthe1950s.TheearliestcontributionstoaddressformsfromtheperspectiveofsociolinguisticowetoRogerBrownandGilman.AsafamouspsycholinguistandprofessorfromHarvardUniversity,Brownbegantostudyaddressformsin1950s.In1960,BrownandGilmanpublishedanacademicpaperThePronounsofPowerandSolidarity,whichhasbeenregardedastheclassicandmostinfluentialstudyofaddressformsandthescrimrelationshipstheyreveal”(Faso,1990).Byusingavarietyofmethods,suchasinformalinterviewstheanalysisofworksofliterature,andtheresultsofasurveyquestionnaire,theyinvestigatetheuseofsecondpersonpronounsVformandTform.Theyproposethatpronounusageisgovernedbytwofactors,whichtheycall‘
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