考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Beingagoodparentiswhateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery 1 ,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan, 2 ,ayoungerone.
3 ,there'sanothersortofparentthat'seasierto 4 ;aparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still, 5 ,everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy 6 ,sometimes,parentsgetexhaustedandarcunabletomaintaina 7 stylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan 8 youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe 9 happens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwastoo 10 anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould 11 theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.
12 ,eventhoughit'scommon,it'svitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay 13 foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso 14 yourchild'sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour 15 withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe 16 ofmodelingpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytomaintainemotionalcontrolwhen 17 bystressisoneofthemostsignificantofalllife’sskills.
Certainly,it's 18 tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytobeascalmasyoucanwhenfacedwith 19 situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:
Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand 20 fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
l.[A]pleasant[B]tricky[C]tedious[D]instructive
2.[A]atonce[B]inaddition[C]forexample[D]byaccident
3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually
4.[A]amuse[B]train[C]assist[D]describe
5.[A]once[B]because[C]unless[D]while
6.[A]choice[B]answer[C]task[D]access
7.[A]formal[B]tolerant[C]rigid[D]critical
8.[A]move[B]send[C]drag[D]push
9.[A]inevitable[B]illogical[C]mysterious[D]suspicious
10.[A]boring[B]harsh[C]naive[D]vague
11.[A]turnback[B]takeapart[C]setaside[D]coverup
12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]otherwise[D]However
13.[A]believe[B]regret[C]miss[D]like
14.[A]justify[B]raise[C]affect[D]reflect
15.[A]bond[B]time[C]race[D]cool
16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]context[D]importance
17.[A]confronted[B]defeated[C]cheated[D]confused
18.[A]strange[B]terrible[C]hard[D]wrong
19.[A]exciting[B]trying[C]Surprising[D]changing
20.[A]withdraw[B]hide[C]emerge[D]escape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA.
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial-for5ourdays.
Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.
Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitsmovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsarctosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"saysWiles.
21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.
[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.
[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.
[D]Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey
[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape
[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn
[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
[D]consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.
[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures
[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks
[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.
[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
[B]arcmoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutS18.9millionayear.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.
Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany”,CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.
ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.
Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniesticCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?
[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations
[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms
[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies
27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto.
[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork
[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment
[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies
[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies
28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite.
[A]continualinternalopposition
[B]strictcorporategovernance
[C]conservativebusinessstrategies
[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings
29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps
[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs
[B]motivateinsidecandidates
[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs
[D]increasecorporatevalue
30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.
[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid
[B]CEOPay:
PastandPresent
[C]CEOs'challenges
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