A Glimpse of Australian Business Culture Practices.docx
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A Glimpse of Australian Business Culture Practices.docx
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AGlimpseofAustralianBusinessCulturePractices
AGlimpseofAustralianBusinessCulturePractices
Abstract:
ApartfromAustraliananimals,Australianaborigines,AustralianEnglish,Australianfilms,AustralianbusinesscultureisalsoanessentialpartofAustralianculture.ThepurposeofthisthesisistoreportonAustralianbusinessculturefromtwoaspects.OneiscloselyrelatedtothebackgroundofAustralianbusinessculture.TheotheristodemonstrateAustralianbusinesscultureinmanydetailsandpresentmyunderstandingsbetweenthelines.
Introduction:
thissemesterwehavetakenalessoncalledBeyondtheKangaroo,whichiscloselyrelatedtoAustralianculture.Attheendofthissemester,ourdistinguishedprofessorMr.XuaskedustowriteathesisonAustralianculture.AsaforeigntradeEnglishmajorstudent,ItakegreatinterestinAustralianbusinessculture.Inrecentyears,asAustraliahasmadefrequenteconomiccontactwithChina.Themutualtradecooperationandmutualtrusthavebeenenhanced.In2007,Japan,theformerbiggestinternationaltradepartners,havebeenreplacedbyourChina.Nowadays,ChinahasbecometheninthbiggestinternationalpartnerofAustralia.Asaresult,Iselectthistopictodoaresearch.Infuture,IamlikelytobeengagedininternationaltradewithAustralian.Iwrotethisthesistoenhancemybusinessknowledgefirst,andthenhaveadeeplookatAustralianbusinessculture.
1.ThebackgroundofAustralianbusinessculture
(1).uniquehistory
Asearlyas40,000yearsago,indigenouspeopleinAustraliahavebeenlivingandreproducinginthisbeautifulland. Accordingtohistoricalrecords,in1606,SpanishnavigatorTorres(LuisVaezdeTorres)shipspassedthestraitbetweenAustraliaandNewGuinea;inthesameyear,theDutchWilliam•Jane’sDuyfkensetfootinAustraliaandiswrittendownasthefirstalienlandinginAustralia. In1770,EnglishnavigatorCaptainJamesCookfoundAustralia’seasterncoast,namingit"NewSouthWales",andannouncedthatthislandwasaBritishDependentTerritory. January26,1788,theBritishfirstgroupsofsettlersreachedAustraliaandbegantoestablishcoloniesinAustralia.Later,thatdaywasdesignatedasAustralianNationalDay. InJuly1900,theBritishParliamentpassedthe"ConstitutionofCommonwealthofAustralia"and"RegulationsofBritishdominion." OnJanuary1,1901,AustraliancolonieswererenamedastheCommonwealthofAustralia. In1931,AustraliabecameanindependentstatewithintheCommonwealthofBritish. In1986,theBritishParliamentpassedthe"lawofrelationshipwiththeAustralian",Australianhadaccesstofulllegislationandjudicialpoweroffinaladjudication. Atthebeginning,Australiaisaplacewhere
theBritishgovernmentexileditsprisoners. OnJanuary18,1788,afleetofsixvesselsledbythecaptainPhilip,arrivedatBotanyBayinAustralia,including736prisoners.Aftereightdays,thatistosay,onJanuary26,1788,theyofficiallyestablishedthefirstBritishcolonialdistrictatPortJacksoninAustralia.Aftermath,thisplacesawagrowingpopulationanddevelopedintothelargestcityinAustralia,whichisnowadayscalledSydney. SydneyisinhonoroftheBritishHomeSecretarySydney(Sydney). Now,everyyearJanuary26isAustralia'sNationalDay. In1790,thefirstFreedmenmovedtoAustraliafromtheUKtoSydney,andgraduallyexpandedthecolonydeepeningintotheinterior.Till1803,thecolonialareahasbeenextendedtowhatiscalledTasmaniatoday. I’dliketomentionthatattheverybeginningthecolonyreliedonagriculturetosurvive,afterwhichthecolonydevelopedanimalhusbandry. To1819,Australia'sanimalhusbandryhasmadegreatstrides. MacarthurwasthecaptainandhiswifeworktogethertofosteraspiralangleofthefirstsheepinAustralia. Theyfarmedatotalof6000sheep. Colonialproductionofwoolisnotonlyself-sufficiency,butalsowasexportedtotheUnitedKingdominexchangeforthedailynecessitiesoflife. In1850,sheepraisingindustryhasbeenverywelldevelopedwith18millionherdsofsheep,whenmorethanhalfofthewoolwasimportedfromAustralia.Hamburg,Germany,hasbeenreplacedbyMelbourneandSydneyastheworld'smostfamouswooldistributioncenter.
(2).Australia'snatural geographyanddemography
Australia'slandmassof7,617,930squarekilometers(2,941,300sq mi)isonthe Indo-AustralianPlate.SurroundedbytheIndian andPacificoceans,itisseparatedfromAsiabythe Arafura and Timor seas.Theworld'ssmallestcontinentandsixth;Australia—owingtoitssizeandisolation—isoftendubbedthe"islandcontinent",andissometimesconsideredthe world'slargestisland.The GreatBarrierReef,theworld'slargestcoralreef, liesashortdistanceoffthenorth-eastcoastandextendsforover2,000kilometers(1,240 mi). MountAugustus,claimedtobetheworld'slargestmonolith,islocatedinWesternAustralia.At2,228meters(7,310 ft), MountKosciuszko onthe GreatDividingRange isthehighestmountainontheAustralianmainland,althoughMawsonPeak ontheremoteAustralianterritoryof HeardIsland istallerat2,745meters(9,006 ft).Australiaistheflattestcontinent,withtheoldestandleastfertilesoils;desert orsemi-aridlandcommonlyknownasthe outback makesupbyfarthelargestportionofland.Thedriestinhabitedcontinent,onlyitssouth-eastandsouth-westcornershaveatemperate. The populationdensity,2.8inhabitantspersquarekilometer,isamongthelowestintheworld,althoughalargeproportionofthepopulationlivesalongthetemperatesouth-easterncoastline.
Forgenerations,thevastmajorityofimmigrantscamefromtheBritishIsles,andthepeopleofAustraliaarestillmainlyofBritishorIrishethnicorigin.Inthe2006Australiancensus,themostcommonlynominatedancestrywasAustralian(37.13percent),[200] followedby English (32percent), Irish (9percent), Scottish (8percent), Italian (4percent), German (4percent), Chinese (3percent),and Greek (2percent).In2001,23.1percentofAustralianswerebornoverseas;thefivelargestimmigrantgroupswerethosefromthe UnitedKingdom,NewZealand,Italy, Vietnam,andChina.
(3).multi-culturalsociety
Australiaistypicalofimmigrantcountry,consideredbysociologistsas
the“nation's platter”,somulticulturalismanfeature ofAustralian
culture.SinceImmigrants fromtheBritish setfootonthis beautifulland,therehavebeenalargenumberImmigrantsfrom120countriesand140 ethnicgroupsaroundtheworldtoAustraliatomakealivingandseekpersonaldevelopment.Wecanboldlysay,itisimmigrationandmulticulturalismthathavedramaticallyenergizedAustralia.AustraliangovernmenthasbeenencouragingAustraliansfromdifferentraceandethicsincludingindigenousAustralians,notonlytopeaktheirnativelanguagejustliketheuseofEnglishbutalsotoretaintheirownculture.Australiahasbeenfollowingthefootstepsofwesterncountries;itswayoflifeissimilarto WesternEuropeand NorthAmerica.Therefore,LivinginAustralia ismostly relaxed andfriendly,andmostly immigrants fromaroundtheworld arefullof opportunities.Australiaisatolerable, humble,inclusiveandsociety,whosecultural diversityhasbecomeAustralia's ethicalcharacteristics. IndigenousAustralians’culturalheritage,British colonialhistory,culturalvalues ofimmigrantsfromallovertheworldplusAustralianopenculturalpolicy,coexisttogether,whichturnsAustraliaintoamulticulturalsociety.
(4).Australia's economyandforeigntrade
Richinnaturalresources,Australiaisamajorexporterofagriculturalproducts,particularlywheatandwool,mineralssuchasiron-oreandgold,andenergyintheformsofliquifiednaturalgasandcoal.AnemphasisonexportingcommoditiesratherthanmanufacturedgoodshasunderpinnedasignificantincreaseinAustralia's termsoftrade sincethestartofthecentury,duetorisingcommodityprices. Australiahasabalanceofpayments thatismorethan7percentofGDPnegative,andhashadpersistentlylarge currentaccount deficitsformorethan50years.Australiahasgrownatanaverageannualrateof3.6percentforover15years,incomparisontotheOECDannualaverageof2.5percent.Besides,in Australia'staxsystem,personalandcompany incometaxes arethemainsourcesofgovernmentrevenue.Rankedthirdinthe IndexofEconomicFreedom (2010), Australiaisthe world'sthirteenthlargesteconomy andhasthe ninthhighestpercapitaGDP;higherthanthatoftheUnitedKingdom,Germany,France,Canada,Japan,andtheUnitedStates.
(5).economiclinktoChinaandothercountries
Australiahaspursuedthecauseofinternational tradeliberalisation.[96][97][98] Itledtheformationofthe CairnsGroup andAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation.[99][100] Australiaisamemberofthe OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment andthe WorldTradeOrganization,[101][102] andhaspursuedseveralmajorbilateralfreetradeagreements,mostrecentlytheAustralia –UnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreement[103] and CloserEconomicRelations withNewZealand,[104] withanotherfreetradeagreementbeingnegotiatedwith China—the Australia–ChinaFreeTradeAgreement—and Japan,[105] SouthKorea in2011,[106][107]Australia–ChileFreeTradeAgreement, ASEAN–Australia–NewZealandFreeTradeArea,andthe Trans-PacificStrategicEconomicPartnership.
2.Australianbusinessculture
(1).Appointment
.reservation
Foreach organizationallevel ofthespecific schedule,the businessappointmentisquiteaneasything,somany managers willbe pleasedto accepttheinvitation andcome todiscuss businessservices, butthe best business appointments shouldbearrangedamonth ahe
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