高中英语考点精析精练推理判断阅读理解.docx
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高中英语考点精析精练推理判断阅读理解.docx
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高中英语考点精析精练推理判断阅读理解
命题点3推理判断
本类考题解答锦囊
每篇文章都有一定的写作目的,作者往往期待读者读了文章后知道应当怎样去做某些事情或按某种方式思考问题。
这层意思通常并不是在文章申明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。
这就要求读者在阅读过程中去沟通外现的和内含的,已述的和未述的含义。
这就需要仔细的阅读和认真的思考,在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,去掌握语言的微妙之处,真正欣赏和理解阅读的东西;阅读中的推论是很常见的,我们所读的一切几乎都可以做出程度不同的推论。
凡推断出的内容在文章中都没有明确叙述,但却暗含在文字之中。
因此在进行推断时,必须以有关的文字部分作为推理的前提和依据。
所谓推断,指根据推测而加以判断;而推测总是根据已知的信息推断出未知的信息。
即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。
据以推理的有关文字部分可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句,甚至全文,要想做出精确的推断,必须注意以下四点。
1.细心地了解文章中所提供的全部信息和信息的各个方面。
2.分析已知的信息,用正确的观点,借助于一些常识,最大限度地捕捉到信息的本质。
3.注意词、句子的本义和与之有关的其他意义。
4.根据己知信息,即短文或有关的文字部分,做出的推断必须与作者的原意相符,切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。
推理判断往往包括数据事实推断,常识推断,逻辑结论以及推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾;向等几种类型。
1.数据事实推断:
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。
是比较简单的推断。
首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分,对与数字有关的推断,只需简单推算,即可得出结果。
对与事实有关的,要加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
例题:
HousepricesinEnglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972.ThefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseinChelseaLondon,hadriseninpricesince1955:
TakeNo.29SmithTerraceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysoldfor£2,000.MrsBowenaBlackboughtitfor£4,900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandDreenWhitefor£22,950.Nowfouryearslater.1)Thepriceofthehousewasashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.
A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes
2)MrsBowenaBlackmadeaprofit(利润)of______.
A.£2,900B.£8,典型例题£7,典型例题D.£18,典型例题Ofallthetenants,whoearnedmost?
A.TheWhites.B.JaneGrey.C.MrsBlack.D.MrWhite.
4)WhendidMrsBlackbuythehouse?
A.1971.B.1972C.1968.D.1959
5)JaneGreylivedatNo.29SmithTerrace
A.forfouryearsB.fornineyears
C.between1971and1972D.before1955
6)IfMrSB1aCkhadwaitedfouryearstosetlthehouseShewouldhaveearnedasmuchas_______.
A.£28,000B.£18,000C.£30,000D.£25,100
2.常识推断:
有些时候,文章里并没有提供任何可据以推断的材料,或虽有提供,但却不足以推出正确的未知事实。
这时便须根据平常积累的有关知识来进行推断。
例:
Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.
Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquicky,forexamplebydippingitinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle(脆)--thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterials,suchasglass.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?
A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.B.Tomakeitbrittl
例Haveyoueverheardofasportcalledtubing?
Hundredsofpeoplefloatdownarushingriveratonceinoldtruck-tiretubes.Sometimesmanyholdhands.Atfirsttherideisbumpyandfrightful,forthenarrowriverrushesswiftly.Thentheriverwidensandgrowscalm.Nevertrytubingaloneorinrapids,however.
Thestorysuggeststhattubing________.
A.shouldnotbedoneinmovingwater
B.isdonemainlybytruckdrivers
C.costsalotofmoney
D.canbedangerous
例:
Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK,theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.
MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem?
itisalways'thefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.
MrNeffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn'taskquestions?
heanswersquestions.Heneversays,"Idon'tknow."
Idon'tknowMmNeff.Itseemsthatnotmanypeopleknowher.Isometimeswonderabouther.Isshealwaysright?
Ormaybesheisalwayswrong?
Dcessheoftenbreakdishesormissbuses?
Doesshehaveproblems?
Iwonder.
1)Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkgivesthemostimportanttrait(特性)ofMrNeffscharacter?
A.Heisaverywiseman.
B.Heplanseverythingwell.
C.Heismoralandupright.
D.Heisverysatisfiedwithhimself.
2)WhichofthefollowingdoyouguessistrueofMrsNeff?
A.Sheprobablyobeysherhusbandineverything.
B.Sheprobablyfeelsveryproudtobeahelpofherhusband.
C.Sheprobablyquarrelswithherhusbandallthetime.
D.Sheprobablyfeelsveryhappytohavesuchasuccessfulhusband.
3)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter'sattitudetowardsMrNeff?
A.HefindsMrNeffhardtounderstand.
B.HethinksMrNeffwonderful.
C.HefeelspityforMrNeff.
D.HedoesnotlikeMrNeff.
TristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisand,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510mileswestofitsnearestneighour,ST.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.Discov-eredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将)ofthesamenamein15典型例题settledin1810,theisandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationoffewhundred.
Cominginaclosesecond--andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland--isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.
Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundther5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.
OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday.
1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandoftristandaCunha_______.
A.wasnamedafteritsdiscoverer
B.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlers
C.wasnamedbytheBritishgovenment
D.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecords
2.Wichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai?
A.TristandaCunha.B.PitcairnIsland
C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena.
3.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto?
A.Britain.B.Hollland.
C.Portugal.D.Chile
2.(典型例题
GarmeswillrocktothesoundofacancandancethisyearwhenMoulinRougebytheAustraliandirectorBazLuhnnannopenstheFrenchfilmfestival(电影节)inMay.ThemusicalstarsNicoleKidmanasasinger,andJohnLeguizamoastheartistHenrideToulouse-Lautrec.ItwillbecompetingforthePaimed'Or,thefestival'stopprize.ThefestivalrunstoMay21.
TheAmericanactorTommyLeeJones,54,hasmarriedhislongtimegirlfriend.DawnMariaLaurel,36,inaprivateweddinginSanAntonio."Itwasn'tabigtodo,'saidFredBiery,aU.S.DistrictJudgewhoperformedtheservice.Herefusedtodiscussthingsfurther."Theseareveryprivatepeople,"hesaid.
LorettaLynnisbeingtreatedforaverybadcoldinTennesseeandwillmissseveralappearances.Thecountrysinger,65,wasadmittedtoahospitalnearherhomeinHurricaneMills."Sheisingoodcondition,butthedoctorsarewatchingherclosely,"aspokeswomansaid.
TheFrench-AlgeriansingerEnricoMaciaswasnamedaUnitedNationspeacemessenger.Enricojoinseightotherpeoplewhoactasgoodwillenvoys(使者)fortheUnitedNations,amongthemarethewriterElieWieselandthebasketballplayerMagicJohnson.
1.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHenrideToulouse-Lautrecis_______.
A.afigureinafilm
B.adancerinashow
C.acountrysinger
D.aprizewinner
2.Weknowfromthetextthat_______.
A.MoulinRougewonthetopprizeinafilmfestival
B.LorettaLynnisunderthedoctors'care
D.eightpeopleserveastheUNgoodwillenvoys
D.FredBierywasTommyLeeJones'sassistant
3.Thistextmostprobablyappearsin_______.
A.abookonfilmstars
B.afilmreviewinamagazine
C.anewspaper
D.anotice
Passage1(典型例题
GivingBackFairWay
TheWestboroughHighSchoolgolfteamhadtakentheof-ficialphotoswiththestateprize.Theotherteams,disappoint-ed,wereonthebusheadinghome.AndthenWestboroughin-structorGregRotanoticedsomethingwrongononeofthescorecards.A9hadbeenrecordedasa7.Theywerenotthestateprizewinner;WoburnHighhadwon."Noonewouldhaveknown,"saidWoburn'sinstructor,BobDoraruForRota,itwasn'tadifficultdecision."Theprizewasn'tourstotake.'
"CoinStars"
"Collegestudentsarelazy,buttheyalsowanttohelp"saysUniversityofPennsylvaniagraduateDanaHork.Soshemadeiteasy,placingcupsinroomswherestudentscouldleavetheirsparecoins,andhandingoutcupstofirst-yearstudentstokeepintheirrooms.Her"ChangeforChange"efforthascollected$40,000forcharities(慈善机构),whichweredecideduponbystudents.NeverForgottenAschoolinMassachusettsreceiveda$9.5millioncheckfromJacquesLeBermuthButittookofficialsseveraldaysofdiggingtodiscoverhisconnectiontotheschoolRecordsshowedtheLeBermuthcamefromBelgiumandstudiedintheschoolinthe1920s.Whenhisfamilyfellonhardtimes,hewasofferedfreeroomandboard.LeBermuthbecameatrader,ownedsharesofAT&Tandlivedofftheearningsuntilhedied,atage89.
1.WhatdidGregRotaprobablydointheend?
A.TookphotosofDoran.
B.HadameetingwithDoran.
C.Returnedtheprizetotheorganizer.
D.ApologizedtoWoburnHighSchook
答案:
C指导:
考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。
获奖队的教练自己发现了错误,而且决定这个奖不能拿,那么接下来推断肯定是要把奖送回去。
2.GregRota'sdecisionshowsthathewas_______.
A.honestB.polite
C.carefulD.friendly
答案:
A指导:
考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。
从GregRota自己发现错误到决定把奖送回,表明他性格中的诚实。
因此答案为honest.
3.Theunderlinedword"Change"inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.
A.IdeaB.Decision
C.CupsD.
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