整理过高考英语大纲词汇表.docx
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整理过高考英语大纲词汇表.docx
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整理过高考英语大纲词汇表
高考英语听力听取信息常考词汇
1.时间
星期:
Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday
月份:
January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December
四季:
:
spring ,summer ,autumn ,winter
节日:
holiday,festival,Mid-autumnDay,MayDay,NationalDay,Teachers’Day,Children’sDay,Mother(Father)’sDay,NewYear,ChristmasDay,ThanksgivingDay,Easter,Halloween,Valentine’sDay,
其他:
century,year,month,week,day,hour,minute,second,yesterday,today,tomorrow,weekend,atnoon,morning,afternoon,evening,night,
3.普通人名/姓:
Mary,John,Tom,George,Susan,David,James,Jack,Jane…Smith,Brown,Taylor,Johnson,White,Williams,Black…
4.常见国家/人民/语言
America-American-AmericanCanada-Canadian-CanadianAustralia-Australian-AustralianAustria-Austrian-AustrianBrazil-Brazilian-BrazilianEgypt-Egyptian-Egyptian
France-Frenchman/Frenchwoman–FrenchGermany-German(s)-GermanBritain-British-BritishGreece-Greek-GreekHolland-Dutchman-DutchIndia-Indian-IndianItaly-Italian-ItalianMexico-Mexican-MexicanSpain-Spaniard-SpanishRussia-Russian-Russian
5.常见城市:
London,NewYork,Athens(雅典),Boston,Chicago,HongKong,Macao,Seattle,Tokyo,Soul(首尔),Toronto,Washington,Ottawa,Vancouver,Paris,Berlin,Moscow,Sydney
6.七大洲/四大洋:
Asian,Europe,Africa,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Antarctica(南极洲),Oceania(大洋洲)Pacific,Atlantic(大西洋),IndianOcean,theArcticOcean
7.科目名称:
Physics,Chemistry,Biology,Politics,History,Geography,Maths
8.天气情况常用词
weatherreport,wet,warm,cloudy,grey(阴天),sunny,snowy,dark,rainy,icy,foggy,storm;windy,fine,sunshine,snow,heavyrain,strongwind,cold,cool,hot,
9.旅馆、餐厅常用词
bookabed,goDutch(各付各的帐),tip,soup,menu,paythebill,food,beef,fish,egg,soup,dumpling,softdrink,steak,maindish(主菜),waiter,waitress,wine,softdrink,salad,order,fastfoodshop,receptiondesk;restaurant,asingle/doubleroom,checkin(登记),checkout(退房);
10.商场、超市常用词
dosomeshopping,salesman,saleswoman,shoppingcart(购物手推车),pricetag(价格标签),fashion,men’ssuit,departmentstore,supermarket,onsale(减价出售),check-outcounter(付帐台),size,color,T-shirt,shirt,sweater,shoes,trousers,jacket,shopassistant;tryon,style(款式),
11.银行、邮局常用词
bank,money,bankofficer,check,interest(利息),creditcard(信用卡),mail,postage(邮资),envelop,stamp,cash,postoffice,airmail,package,letter,savingsaccount(储蓄存款帐户)
12.学校、家庭常用词:
homework,exam,test,mid-term/finalexamination,marks,textbook,playground,department,Bachelor’sdegree,Master’sdegree,Doctor’sdegree,Campus,lecture,dormitory,semester,term,dining-hall,swimming-pool,courses,foreignlanguage,gym,housewife,housework,bed-room,kitchen,waiting-room,dinning-room,sofa,chair,table,dressing-table,cupboard(厨柜),furniture;
13.机场、车站等交通常用词:
luggage,baggage,airline,airport,passport,check,railway/trainstation,expresstrain(快车),platform,sleepingcar,seatbelt,takeoff,land,boardingcard(登机卡),Gate1,flightnumber,nonstopflight(直达航班),arrivaltime,conductor,ticketoffice,plane,passenger;warninglight,roadsign,motorway,one-way,round-trip(双程的);
14.图书馆、阅览室常用词:
library,reading-room,renew(续借),book-shelf,novel,story-book,picture-book,fine(v.罚款),newspaper,magazine,referencebook;
15.办公室常用词:
computer,typewriter,copy,makeaphonecall,arrangeanappointment,secretary,manager
16.人与人关系的常用词:
father,mother,son,daughter,brother,sister,grandfather,grandmother,nephew,cousin,niece,children,grandchildren,grandson,uncle,aunt,teacher,student,friend,enemy,husband,wife,neighbor,girlfriend,boyfriend,classmate,workmate,boss;
亲属称呼:
daughter(女儿),niece(女性晚辈),nephew(男性晚辈),cousin(同辈兄弟姐妹),aunt(女性长辈),uncle(男性长辈)
17.职业常用词:
student,teacher,worker,engineer,doctor,nurse,professor,actor,actress,waiter,waitress,player,film-maker,director,tailor(裁缝),cleaner,writer,singer,dancer,conductor(市内有轨电车或公共汽车)售票员,salesman,saleswoman,sailor,dentist(牙医)
18.医院常用词:
pain,cough,fever,aheadache,stomachache,temperature,heart,lung,blood-pressure,takemedicine,pills,toothache。
19.科技:
computer,surftheInternet,technology,science,information,e-mail,download,online,offline,clone,robot,cellphone/mobilephone,satellite,spaceship,fax,
20.Clothing(衣物):
clothes,dress,suit,eveningdress,jacket,shirt,skirt,T-shirt,trouserspants,shorts,blouse,sweater,coat,overcoat,tie,socks,stockings,shoes,bootshat,cap,uniform
21.Foodanddrinks:
hamburger,sandwich(es),bread,flour,milk,pork,beef,lamb,chicken,fish,rice,vegetable,black-tea,green-tea,coffee,blackcoffee,wine,alcohol,softdrinks
★东西南北(名词、形容词):
east(东,东方);eastern(东方的,东部的);west(西,西方);western(西方的,西部的);south(南,南方);southern(南方的,南部的);north(北,北方);northern(北方的,北部的)
★数量词Million,thousand,hundred,dozen,score,decade,first,second,third,forth,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,
★容易拼写错的数字
基数词和序数词(1---19、20---90):
如:
fifth第五;ninth第九;twelfth第十二;twentieth第二十(30、40、50、60、70、80、90的序数词都是去掉y加ieth)
★以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔
2.control(controlled,controlling)控制
3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认
4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现
5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿
6.refer(referred,referring)提到
7.forget(forgetting)忘记
8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许
9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备
注意:
quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)
★部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词
1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播
2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑
3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止
4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅
5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰
6.hang(作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去
式过去分词都是hung)
7.lie(作“说谎”讲时,是规则的;作“位于”讲时,其过去式是lay,过去分词是lain)
8.seek(sought,sought)寻求
9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖
10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌
11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉
12.spread(spread,spread)传播
13.swim(swam,swum)游泳
14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎
15.weave(wove,woven)编织
★意思相近的词
1.check/examine/test
2.receive/accept
3.destroy/damage
4.celebrate/congratulate
5.wear/dress
★注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化
1.long—length长度
2.wide—width宽度
3.high—height高度
4.strong—strength力量
★以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed
1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐
★个别名词的复数拼写
1.German(Germans)德国人
2.gulf(gulfs)海湾
3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕
4.hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
5.roof(roofs)房顶
6.stomach胃(其复数是stomachs而不是加es)
★注意动词变名词时的拼写变化
1.succeed—success成功
2.pronounce—pronunciation发音
3.explain—explanation解释
4.decide—decision决定
5.enter—entrance进入
6.permit—permission允许
7.refuse—refusal拒绝
8.consider—consideration考虑
9.discover—discovery发现
10.bury—burial埋葬
11.conclude—conclusion得出结论
12.arrive—arrival到达
13.weigh—weight重量
★注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化
1.beautiful—beautifully美丽的
2.possible—possibly可能的
3.practical—practically实际的
4.particular—particularly特别的
5.successful—successfully成功的
★高考考纲必背单词
1.abroad国外
2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)
3.accepted
4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的,accidentallyadv.
5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)
6.address地址
7.admire钦佩
8.admitting(2000北京春季卷)
9.agreement协议
10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)
11.altogether总共
12.ancient古代的
13.announced(NMET1999)
14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的,anxiouslyadv.焦急地)
15.apologizev.道歉apologyn.道歉apologeticadj.道歉的,apologeticallyadv.
16.apologize/apologise(2000全国卷)
17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.)
18.Asian(NMET1996)
19.assistant助手
20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊,astonishing,astonished)
21.astronaut宇航员
22.atmosphere气氛
23.attempt尝试(可作名词也可作动词)
24.attentively专心地
25.attentively(NMET1996)
26.attitude态度
27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)
28.average平均
29.average(NMET1999)
30.balance平衡
31.beauty美(beautiful)
32.believe相信(beliefn.信念,其复数是beliefs)
33.beyond超过
34.biology生物
35.birthday生日
36.bravery勇敢
37.broadcast(NMET1996)
38.broadcast广播(过去式、过去分词同原形)
39.carefully小心(carefully)
40.ceiling天花板
41.celebrated(2000北京春季卷)
42.celebration庆祝(celebraten.庆祝)
43.century世纪
44.challenge挑战
45.character性格
46.charge收费;管理;充电;控告
47.cinema电影院
48.comfortv.&n.安慰(comfortableadj.comfortablyadv.舒适地)
49.comfortably
50.comment评论
51.communication交流
52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞者)
53.composition作文
54.concert音乐会
55.concludev.conclusionn.结论
56.condition情况(conditions条件)
57.confessing(2000北京春季卷)
58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)
59.constantly不断地
60.construction(NMET1996)
61.continue继续
62.contribution贡献(contributev.)
63.conveniently方便(convenientadj.)
64.conversation谈话
65.coughing(NMET1997)
66.cousin表兄弟
67.cruelty残酷(crueladj.cruellyadv.)
68.curious好奇(curiosityn.好奇)
69.curious(NMET1996)
70.customer顾客
71.customers(2000北京春季卷)
72.custom习俗
73.damage损坏
74.declared(NMET1999)
75.delicious美味
76.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)
77.determined有决心的
78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的,developed发达的)
79.dialogue对话
80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)
81.difference不同点(有复数形式)
82.disappointed失望(disappointing让人失望的)
83.disappointment失望
84.discovery发现(其复数是discoveries,其动词是discover,discoverer发现者)
85.disturb打扰
86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars)
87.downstairs楼下
88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)
89.electricity电(electrical电的,electric电的)
90.employ雇用(employment,employer雇主,employee雇员)
91.empty倒空(可用动词,其过去式是emptied)
92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)
93.energy能量
94.envelope信封
95.envyn.妒忌(enviousadj.)
96.equal(NMET1998)
97.equipment设备
98.especially尤其是
99.essential(NMET1999)
100.European欧洲人
101.event事件
102.excellent极好(excellencen.excellentlyadv.)
103.exhibition(NMET1997)
104.exhibition展览
105.expense耗费
106.experience经验(experienced有经验
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