四级语法.docx
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四级语法.docx
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四级语法
考场作文加分吧。
一、先背3个句子
1、Nowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofadvanced…….,moreandmore…..arecommonlyandwidelyusedineverydaylife。
(讲重要性)
2、Thepopularityofdigital…willhavegreatinfluenceonourwork,studyandeverydaylife.Ontheonehand…,Butontheotherhand。
(讲影响)
3、Toconclude,…..arejustlikeadouble-edgedsword.Withthemwemayhavelesstroubledealingwithproblemsinlifeandenjoyabetter-offlife.However,onepointshouldbekeptinmindthatweshouldtakesensibleuseofthem,alwaysbeingthemasterofthem。
(结尾段)
P.S.灵活运用第1句和第2句,根据不同模板自由组合。
二、再背2个模板
1、开头段:
先讲重要性,然后转讲不好的地方
中间段:
措施
结尾段:
先来个小转折再进入总结
开头段:
Nowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofadvanced…….,moreandmore…..arecommonlyandwidelyusedineverydaylife.However,whatworriesmostofusisthat……
中间段:
Firstly….Secondly…..Lastlybutinnomeansleast……
结尾段:
Toconclude,…..arejustlikeadouble-edgedsword.Withthemwemayhavelesstroubledealingwithproblemsinlifeandenjoyabetter-offlife.However,onepointshouldbekeptinmindthatweshouldtakesensibleuseofthem,alwaysbeingthemasterofthem。
2、开头段:
先讲重要性,然后转讲争论
中间段:
转折(即列出两种不同人的观点)
结尾段:
直接进入总结(即你的观点)
开头段:
Itisacceptedthat….Playsasignificantpartforboth…,andwhat’smore,alotofattentionisbeingdrawntothechangeof…..However,whether…deservessuchanattention,people’sideasvary。
中间段:
Ontheonehand,somepeopleholdtheviewthat…。
Ontheotherhand,agreatmanypeopleinsistthat…。
结尾段:
Frommyperspective,however….(你的观点).Therefore,it’stimethat(措施之类的)
1.经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople’slivingstandard
3.先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges
5.人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat?
6.社会发展的必然结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment
7.引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention
8.不可否认Itisundeniablethat?
/Thereisnodenyingthat?
9.热烈的讨论/争论aheateddiscussion/debate
10.有争议性的问题acontroversialissue
11.完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument
12.一些人?
而另外一些人?
Somepeople?
whileothers?
13.就我而言/就个人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally,
14.就?
达到绝对的一致reachanabsoluteconsensuson?
15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons
16.双方的论点argumentonbothsides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein?
18.对?
必不可少beindispensableto?
19.正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes:
20.?
也不例外?
benoexception
21.对?
产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson?
22.利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages。
23.导致,引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin
24.复杂的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon
25.责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement
26.竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation
27.开阔眼界widenone’shorizon/broadenone’svision
28.学习知识和技能acquireknowledgeandskills
29.经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden
30.考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration
31.从另一个角度fromanotherperspective
32.做出共同努力makejointefforts
33.对?
有益bebeneficial/conduciveto?
34.为社会做贡献makecontributionstothesociety
35.打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor?
36.综合素质comprehensivequality
37.无可非议blameless/beyondreproach
38.asawhole(=ingeneral)就整体而论
39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto?
40.应当承认Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的义务unshakableduty
42.满足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof?
43.可靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation
44.宝贵的自然资源valuablenaturalresources
45.因特网theInternet(一定要由冠词,字母I大写)
46.方便快捷convenientandefficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife
48.环保(的)environmentalprotection/environmentallyfriendly
49.社会进步的体现asymbolofsocietyprogress
50.科技的飞速更新theever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology
51.对这一问题持有不同态度holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue
52.支持前/后种观点的人people/thoseinfavoroftheformer/latteropinion
53.有/提供如下理由/证据have/providethefollowingreasons/evidence
54.在一定程度上tosomeextent/degree/insomeway
55.理论和实践相结合integratetheorywithpractice
56.?
必然趋势anirresistibletrendof?
57.日益激烈的社会竞争theincreasinglyfiercesocial
competition
58.眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest
59.长远利益.Interestinthelongrun
60.?
有其自身的优缺点?
Hasitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddi61.扬长避短Exploittothefullone’sfavorableconditionsandavoidunfavorableones
62.取其精髓,取其糟粕Taketheessenceanddiscardthedregs。
63.对?
有害doharmto/beharmfulto/bedetrimentalto
64.交流思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information
65.跟上?
的最新发展keeppacewith/catchupwith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof?
66.采取有效措施来?
Takeeffectivemeasurestodosomething
67.?
的健康发展thehealthydevelopmentof?
68.有利有弊Everycoinhasitstwosides。
Nogardenwithoutweeds。
69.对?
观点因人而异Viewson?
varyfrompersontoperson。
70.重视attachgreatimportanceto?
71.社会地位socialstatus
72.把时间和精力放在?
上focustimeandenergyon?
73.扩大知识面expandone’sscopeofknowledge
74.身心两方面bothphysicallyandmentally
75.有直接/间接关系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto?
76.提出折中提议setforthacompromiseproposal
77.可以取代“think”的词believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,holdtheopinion/beliefthat
78.缓解压力/减轻负担relievestress/burden
79.优先考虑/发展?
give(top)prioritytosth。
80.与?
比较comparedwith?
/incomparisonwith
81.相反incontrast/onthecontrary。
82.代替replace/substitute/taketheplaceof
83.经不起推敲cannotbearcloseranalysis/cannotholdwater
84.提供就业机会offerjobopportunities
85.社会进步的反映mirrorofsocialprogress
86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly,/Thereisnodoubtthat?
87.增进相互了解enhance/promotemutualunderstanding
88.充分利用makefulluseof/takeadvantageof
sadvantages
1、 动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时态
1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):
动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.
I’vebeensittinginthegarden.
2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):
过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.
Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.
3)将来完成进行时:
将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.
Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.
4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):
将来某时已发生的事.
Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.
They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.
语态
可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.
Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.
Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.
担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?
Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)
双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
双宾语结构的被动语态:
双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.
Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.
宾补结构的被动语态:
ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.
Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.
Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.
Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.
短语动词
Vi+adv
Theplanetookofftwohourslate.
Vi+prep
TheylookedroundtheCathedral.
Vi+prep(有被动语态)
2、省略
在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:
在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.
Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.
Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.
Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.
Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.
Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.
Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.
Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.
Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.
Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.
Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.
Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.
Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.
Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.
Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.
IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.
Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.
Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.
Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.
在以thana)或asb)引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.
Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.
Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).
Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.
Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.
Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.
错误的省略
HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.
Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.
一致
如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.
Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.
Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.
Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.
3、代词作主语时的一致
each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.
Eachofushassomethingtosay.
Iseverybodyready?
Somebodyisusin
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