21世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则.docx
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21世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则.docx
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21世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则
21世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则
即兴演讲题目 2008-08-1714:
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大大 中中 小小
Host:
LastFebruary,ChunShu,aChinesewriterinherearlytwenties,appearedonthecoverofTimemagazine.ShewasreferredtobytheU.S.Editoras"...oneofagroupofpost-eightieswritersinChina."WhichalsoincludesGuoJingming,ZhangYueranandHanHamAllthesewritersrecounttheirpersonalfeelingsandexpresstheirindividualityintheirworks,andtheyhavealargegroupofreadersandsupporters.However,thereissomeconcernthatthecynicalattitudetowardslifethattheyexpressmighthaveanegativeeffectonyoungreaders.Doyoualsofearitwillhavesuchnegativeeffects?
Thanks.
Thankyouforyourquestion.Goodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.
Mytopicoftoday'sspeechis"MakeourVoiceHeard."TodayIwouldliketoargueintwopark.First,Iwouldliketoarguewhypeopleareafraidthatliteratureswillsetanegativeeffectonourlives.AndsecondpartIwillsharesomeofmythoughtswithyou.
开宗明义。
演讲人首先明确的告知听众演讲的主题,使用briefintroductionsentencetogetattention。
在临场的匆忙之中仍然想出来一个很好的题目MakeOurVoiceHeard,并且将自己的论述分为两部分,有条不紊,令人感叹。
Whythosepeopleareafraidofthesekindofliterature?
I'mafraidthattheyareafraidofthatteenagersarelikedtoimitateothers.Andteenagerisjustacrucialpointforustoshapeourpersonality,ourviewoflife,andourvalueoftheworld.They'reafraidofthatwefollowthebadexampleandleadabadlifeinthefuture.Andthat'swhymyparents,myfamily,andeventhegovernmentwouldliketoproposewherethoughtthosekindofliteratureascynicalones.
本段讨论人们对此类文学作品表示忧虑的原因:
担心青少年模仿。
思路很清晰。
也正是在正文中coverthemainpoints。
但大概由于临场的因素,出现了一些浯法方面的错误,如:
I'mafraidofthat…,theyareafraidofthat…,虽然不影响理解,仍然是个遗憾。
演讲人将《麦田守望者》与郭敬明的作品相比较,为下文打下铺垫。
用文学名著作为论证的材料,很有说服力。
ButIwouldliketosharesomeofmythoughtswithyou.BeforeIreadthebookofMr.GuoJingming'snovel,IreadanotherfictioncalledtheCatchertheRye.Inthatbook,Ialsoreadsex,violence,murder,andrebellion.ButthatbookwasregardedasoneofthemasterpieceinAmericanhistoryandawardedthePulitzerPrize.IcouldnotseeanydifferencebetweenMr.GuoJingming'snovelandTheCateberintheRye,becausetheyexpressedtheattitudeasourteenagersandadolescentswefeelabouttheworld.
Nowletmegiveyoumythreereasons,whywecanreadthiskindofabookandfamnotafraidoftilefearsofthesideeffect.First,thoseliteraturesarenotallbad.Theyhavesomepositivepoints.Theyadvocatefriendship,love,loyalty,andsoon.Oneofmyroommatesevencriedafterreadingthosebooks,Hesaidthatitisthefirst..,itwasthefirsttimeinhislifethathefeltthatafriendshipwasthatprecious,becausethestoriesdepictedinhisnovel,reflecthimoftheoldtimeshespentinhishighschool.AndheboughtfourbooksofMr.GuoJingming'sNeverFlowersinNeverDream(MengLiHuaLuoZhiDuoShao)andsentthemtohisfriends.Andhisfriendswrotealonglettertohim.Ithinkthisiswhatwelacktoday,thecommunicationbetweenfriends.Buttheliteratureseemstobridgethegap.
本段从三个方面指出此类作品不会产生负面影响的原因。
首先指出第一个作品本身亦有其可取之处。
并以其宦友的亲身经历为例作出了令人信服的论证。
这样就使演讲personalized,sothataudiencecanrelatemoreeasilytopersonaltopics—theyprobablyhavesimilarexperiences.
Andthesecondreasonisthatwearenotlivinginaworldwhereeverythingisdepictedasgood.Wearelivinginaworldofgoodandevil,evilandholy.So,tothatextent,ifIamconfinedinaworldwhereeverythingisdepictedasgood,IwillfeelquiteperplexedwhenIamfacingtherealworld.DoestherealworldreallyresemblewhatIreadinthenovel?
Weneedsomethingpositive,alsoweneedsomethingcynical.
Andthethirdreasonisthatourgeneration,Ibelieve,havethesenseofself-discipline.Wecanmakeourowndecision.Forourparents,forourfamiliesandforthegovernment,theyshouldresume,assumetheresponsibilitytoremindusthatwhatisgood,whatisbad,whatiscynicalMakeourvoicebeheard.ThisismyanswerandIamnotafraidoftilesideeffectsofthoseliterature.
Thankyouverymuch.
本段谈论演讲人的第二个观点:
世界亦非完美无暇,文学就应该反应真实的世界。
最后一点原因:
当代年轻人可以自律。
至此就分别从文学作品、社会、个人三个方面透彻地阐释了演讲人的观点。
也正是通过从不同角度的分析,使听众接受演讲人的观点。
这一段中也出现了较为明显的问题。
Host:
And,thetopicforyourspeechwillbe...InspiteofthefactthatthereiscutthroatcompetitionwithinthefilmindustryinChina,therecontinuestobeasteepincreaseinthenumberofapplicantsforplacesatChineseartinstitutes.AccordingtoaBeiiing-basednewspaper,morethantenthousandapplicantswaitedinlineonasingledaytoregistertoapplyfortheBeijingFilmAcademy.Howdoyouperceivethisstruggleforstardom?
Thankyouforthedifficultquestion.
Well,tobehonestwithyou,I'mnotreallyfamiliarwiththestruggleforstardomthinginChina.ButinthecitywhereIcomefrom,thereisthisalsoascutthroatastheoneinBeijingherecompetitiongoingon,andperhapsIcansharewithyoutheexperiencewehavethere.
Letmetellyousomething.InthecitywhereIcomefrom,thereisthisfamoussingingcompetitiongoingoneveryweek.Andwhattheydoisthatpickthebestone,andthebestonegoestothenextweekanditgoesonandonuntilonedaythatpersoniseliminated.
开场白中difficult的使用充分显示了演讲人的机智。
因为这与普通的接题方式Thankyouforthequestion不同。
演讲者是香港人,虽然她对主持人所问的内地的情况不甚了解,是一大劣势,但她却巧妙的地使用but转而谈到香港的情况;also的使用使演讲的主题不变。
同时听众理解到演讲者要从另外一个角度解释同一个问题。
这种角度的变换使演讲者的劣势变成了优势。
听众既为其率真而打动,又为其智慧而折服。
Andthere'sthislittlefiveyearoldboy,andhehaswonfiveconsecutivechampionships,andthen,ofcourse,therewereinterviewsandthenewscoverage,andeverything.Andwhenthegeneralpublicreadthenewspaper.Theyfrownatit.Theysaid,"whatasillyidea,tothinkaboutbecomingastar."AndwhenAndyLau--I'msureallofyoublowhim,tilefamoussingerandactor--whenhereadthenewspaper,hesaid,"Wow,that'sgreat!
Butasktheboytoworkhard.It'snoteasy."
这里演讲人以演唱比赛为切人点,以小男孩的参舞,点出了香港人对当明星十分热衷。
以此呼应主持人提问。
并且演讲人Supportpointswith specifics.以典型的例子支持论点。
明星刘德华在内地有很高的知名度,他的勤奋也是众所周知,以他的话为例,让人十分信服。
本段对generalpublic和AndyLau不同态度的对比,可以引起听众的思考。
对比之中必有抑扬,也让听众对下段演讲人过渡到自己的观点有了思 想上的准备
Ladiesandgentlemen,Ithinkifweusetheword"struggle",isn'titabittoonegative?
Ithinkbetterwordforitis"strive."Beingastarisalso profession.Itisalsoajobthatyouneedtoworkhardat.Successdoesnotcomeeasy.Well,ifwetakealookatfamousactorsandactressessuchaslackieChart,ChowYunFat,AndyLau,TonyLun,theyareallintheirmid-forties,andevenfifties.Yet,whatdotheyhaveincommon?
Whentheyfirstbecame...,whentheyfirststartedtheircareersasastar,orasanactor,theyweredescribedas"CinemaPoison,"meaningnobodywouldseetheirfilms.Butdidtheygiveup?
No,theydidn't,theydidn'tgiveup.Theyhavebeenworkinghardalltheway.Andnowtheyarefamous.Allovertheworld.AlloverAsia.Andaretheyproudofthemselves?
Well,Isupposeso.Butstilltheyworkveryhard.LookatAndyLau.He'sstillstrivingforthebestallthetime.Everyyearareawards.
本段中演讲人明确地提出了自己的观点。
并且在临场仍然明确地区分struggle和strive,显示出演讲人深厚的语言功底。
演讲人接着由例子过渡到谈话主题:
当明星是一种职业,巧妙地把struggle的主题过渡到strive,进而谈到Beingastarisalsoaprofession.把不熟悉的主题struggle过渡到谈明星的成功这个比较熟悉的话题。
这种演讲技巧十分重要,因为在短暂的几十秒钟内谈论一个十分陌生的话题,实在有难度,但是这位演讲者的巧妙过渡,既没有跑题,又谈了熟悉的话题,因此这种技巧值得学习。
同时,本段列举众多内地观众十分熟悉地明星成名经历作为briefexamples,做论据,支持自己的观点,使论据可靠而有力。
这两句话Allovertheworld.AlloverAsia.若能调换顺序,就更加顺畅。
Ladiesandgentlemen,Ithinkthere'snothingwrongifyouwanttobeastar.It'saprofession.It'sajobthateverybodycanworkforitifyou reallywantit.Buttherearequalitiesthatyou needtopossessifyouwanttobeastar.OfCourse youhavetobehard-working,likeAndyLau,likeChowYunFat.They'reallveryhard-working.
Andthereisalsosomethingvery,important.Itisyouhavetohaveagenuineinterestinthisfilmindustry.Thisgenuineinterestisveryimportant.Becausealotofpeopleareinterestedinthemoney,insteadofthejob.Theyjustlookatthestatistics,likejustnowIwaswaitinginmyroomandIwasreadingthisnewsarticle,there'sacharttellingthepeoplehowmany...well,howmuchthosestarsinChinaaremaking,l/Veil,ifyouareonlyattractedbythosestatistics,bythefigures,themoney,well,then,Idonotthinkyoucanbeastar.Therearepeoplewhohaveagenuineinterestinbecomingasinger,liketherearepeoplewhohavebeentakingactingclasses,whohavebeenactinginsecondaryschools,incollegelikethat.Theyhaveagenuineinterest.Yet,thengoforit.
本段讨论了成为明星的第三个素质:
感兴趣[genuineInterest],并且列举了生活中的一些实例[peopleonlyinterestedinmoneyratherthanfilmindustry)来论证自己的观点。
这样在立论的同时也驳斥了为金钱而当明星的错误观点。
有立有废,论证严谨
Ladiesandgentlemen,well,Ithinkthecompetitionisalsogood.Whenthere'sacompetition,wecanensurethequality.Whenthere'snocompetition,well,wehavetohavewhateverisgiventous.Whenthere'scompetition,wecanpickwhatwewant.Isn'tthatsomethinggood?
Ladiesandgentlemen,itiswhatIthinkforthatstruggleforstardom.
Thankyouverymuch.
结论部分是one—sentencereviewofthepointsshepresentedinhertalk.由“为当明星而打拼”引申到一般意义上的竞争,既紧扣主题,又加以升华。
以一个反问句Isn'titsomethinggood?
结尾,进一步强化了演讲人的观点。
这样的结尾达到了shortandtothepoint的效果。
通过Ladiesandgentlemen提示听众演讲接近尾声,重提主持人的问题,以告知听众她一直围绕这个主题展开演讲,给听众一个完整的结尾。
本篇是获得第10届“21世纪·外教社杯”全国英语演讲比赛季军的香港选手张阿旭的即兴演讲。
演讲充分显示了演讲人的机敏、临场应变能力和扎实的语言功底。
通篇逻辑十分的清晰,而且演讲人娓娓道来,丝毫没有演讲的做作,却又极富感染力。
在即兴演讲这一部分,本篇演讲人明显高人一筹。
据演讲者本人介绍,这与她所在的学校要求学生做很多即兴的presentationn
即兴演讲(impromptuspeech),顾名思义,就是指临场的、毫无准备的演讲。
在前面所提到的两大比赛中,即兴演讲所占时间为1~3分钟,分值所占比重为30%~40%,在比赛中的地位十分重要。
如果参赛选手想要取得优秀的成绩,那么就一定要在该部分取得高分。
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