计算机专业外文翻译教学文稿.docx
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计算机专业外文翻译教学文稿.docx
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计算机专业外文翻译教学文稿
计算机专业外文翻译
HowtotroubleshootconnectivityissuesinSQLServer2000
ChrisTull,MicrosoftHelpandSupport
ThisarticlecanhelpyoutoresolveconnectivityproblemswithMicrosoftSQLServer2000.Thisarticlecontainsdescriptionsofcommonconnectivityproblemsandthestepsthatyoucantaketohelpresolveyourconnectivityproblems.
SQLServer2000supportsseveralmethodsofcommunicationbetweentheinstanceofSQLServerandtheclientapplications.IfyourclientapplicationandtheinstanceofSQLServerresideonthesamecomputer,MicrosoftWindowsinterprocesscommunication(IPC)components,suchaslocalnamedpipesortheSharedMemoryprotocol,areusedtocommunicate.However,whentheclientapplicationandtheinstanceofSQLServerresideondifferentcomputers,anetworkIPC,suchasTCP/IPornamedpipes,isusedtocommunicate.
SQLServer2000usesNet-Library,aDLL,tocommunicatewithaparticularnetworkprotocol.AmatchingpairofNet-Librariesmustbeactiveontheclientcomputerandtheservercomputertosupportthenetworkprotocolthatyouwanttouse.Forexample,ifyouwanttoenableaclientapplicationtocommunicatewithaspecificinstanceofSQLServeracrossTCP/IP,theclientTCP/IPSocketsNet-Library(Dbnetlib.dll)mustbeconfiguredtoconnecttotheserverontheclientcomputer.Likewise,theserverTCP/IPSocketsNet-Library(Ssnetlib.dll)mustlistenontheservercomputer.Inthisscenario,theTCP/IPprotocolstackmustbeinstalledonboththeclientcomputerandtheservercomputer.
AfteryouinstallSQLServer2000,youcanconfigurethepropertiesoftheclientNet-LibrariesbyusingClientNetworkUtility.YoucanconfigurethepropertiesoftheserverNet-LibrariesbyusingServerNetworkUtility(Svrnetcn.exe).TheserverNet-LibrariesareinstalledduringtheinstallationoftheservertoolsinSQLServerSetup.However,someoftheserverNet-Librariesmaynotbeactive.Bydefault,SQLServer2000enablesandlistensonTCP/IP,namedpipes,andSharedMemory.Therefore,foraclienttoconnecttoaservercomputer,theclientmustconnectbyusingaclientNet-LibrarythatmatchesoneoftheserverNet-LibrariesthatiscurrentlybeingusedbytheinstanceofSQLServer.
ForadditionalinformationaboutSQLServercommunicationcomponentsandNet-Libraries,seethefollowingtopicsinSQLServerBooksOnline:
•CommunicationComponents
•ClientandServerNet-Libraries
•ManagingClients
Troubleshootconnectivityissues
MostoftheconnectivityissuesthatyoumaynoticeinSQLServer2000occurbecauseofproblemswithTCP/IP,Windowsauthentication,oracombinationofTCP/IPandWindowsauthentication.
ImportantBeforeyoustarttotroubleshootconnectivityissuesinSQLServer2000,makesurethattheMSSQLServerserviceisstartedonthecomputerthatisrunningSQLServer.
VerifyyourDNSsettings
ThenameresolutionprocessinDomainNameSystem(DNS)isusedtoresolvetheIPaddresstothenameoftheinstanceofSQLServer.Ifthenameresolutionprocessdoesnotworkcorrectly,theinstanceofSQLServerisnotreachable,andyoumayreceiveoneormoreofthefollowingerrormessages:
SQLServerdoesnotexistoraccessdenied
GeneralNetworkError
CannotGenerateSSPIContext
Toverifythatthenameresolutionprocessisresolvingthecorrectserver,youcanpingtheserverbyusingtheservernameandtheIPaddressoftheserver.Todoso,followthesesteps:
1.ClickStart,andthenclickRun.
2.IntheRundialogbox,typecmdintheOpenbox,andthenclickOK.
3.Atthecommandprompt,runthefollowingcommand:
ping
NotetheIPaddressthatisreturned.
4.Atthecommandprompt,runthefollowingcommand(whereIPaddressistheIPaddressthatyounotedinstep3):
ping–a
Verifythatthecommandresolvestothecorrectservername.Ifeitherofthespecifiedcommandsarenotsuccessful,timeout,ordonotreturnthecorrectvalues,theDNSlookupisnotworkingcorrectlyortheproblemoccursbecauseofothernetworkingorroutingissues.ToseeyourcurrentDNSsettings,runthefollowingcommandatacommandprompt:
ipconfig/all
Toworkaroundthisproblem,addanentryfortheservertothe%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc\hostsfileontheclientcomputer.YoucanalsoworkaroundtheproblembyconnectingtotheserverbyusingtheNamedPipesNet-library.
Verifytheenabledprotocolsandaliases
Connectivityproblemsmayoccurifthealiasontheclientcomputerissetincorrectly.YoucanviewthealiasesbyusingClientNetworkUtility.Todoso,followthesesteps:
1.StartClientNetworkUtility.IftheSQLServerclienttoolsareinstalledonthecomputerthatisrunningtheclientapplication,followthesestepstostartClientNetworkUtility:
a.ClickStart,andthenpointtoPrograms.
b.PointtoMicrosoftSQLServer,andthenclickClientNetworkUtility.
IftheSQLServerclienttoolsarenotinstalledontheclientcomputer,followthesestepstostartClientNetworkUtility:
a.ClickStart,andthenclickRun.
b.IntheRundialogbox,typecliconfgintheOpenbox,andthenclickOK.
2.IntheSQLServerClientNetworkUtilitywindow,clicktheGeneraltab,andthenenablealltheprotocolsthatyouwanttouse.
NoteYoumustatleastenabletheTCP/IPprotocolandthenamedpipesprotocol.
3.ClicktheAliastab,andthenverifythealiasesthatareconfiguredfortheinstanceofSQLServer.
4.VerifythepropertiesofthealiasestomakesurethattheservernameorIPaddressandtheprotocolareconfiguredcorrectly.
Youcancreateanewaliastotesttheconnectivitybyusingtheservername,theIPaddress,orevenbyusingadifferentprotocol.
NoteEarlierversionsofMicrosoftDataAccessComponents(MDAC)haveadifferentuserinterfaceforClientNetworkUtility.Therefore,ifyoudonotseetheoptionsthatarelistedinthisarticle,installalaterversionofMDAConthecomputerthatisrunningtheclientapplication.
VerifythattheinstanceofSQLServerislisteningcorrectly
ToverifythattheinstanceofSQLServerislisteningonnamedpipes,TCP/IP,oranotherprotocolthatyouareusingattheclientapplication,openthecurrentSQLServererrorlogfile.TheSQLServererrorlogfilemaycontainentriesthataresimilartothefollowing:
2003-11-0609:
49:
36.17serverSQLserverlisteningonTCP,SharedMemory,NamedPipes.2003-11-0609:
49:
36.17serverSQLserverlisteningon192.168.1.5:
1433,127.0.0.1:
1433.
IfyouanalyzetheentriesintheSQLServererrorlogfile,youcanverifythattheinstanceofSQLServerislisteningonthecorrectIPaddressandonthecorrectport.Bydefault,adefaultinstanceofSQLServerlistensontheport1433.YoucanalsouseServerNetworkUtilitytoverifytheprotocolsettingsforSQLServerandtochangethepropertiesinSQLServer,includingtheprotocolsthatcanconnecttoSQLServerandtheportsthatcanbeused.FormoreinformationaboutusingServerNetworkUtility,seethe"SQLServerNetworkUtility"topicinSQLServerBooksOnline.
Sometimes,SQLServer2000maynotbindtoport1433oranyotherspecifiedport.ThisproblemmayoccuriftheportisbeingusedbyanotherapplicationorifyouaretryingtoconnectbyusinganIPaddressthatisnotcorrect.Therefore,theTCP/IPconnectionstoSQLServermaynotbesuccessfulandyoumayreceivethefollowingerrormessageintheSQLServererrorlogfile:
2001-11-1415:
49:
14.12serverSuperSocketInfo:
BindfailedonTCPport1433.
IfyoucannotconnecttotheinstanceofSQLServerbyusingaTCP/IPconnection,trytousethenamedpipesprotocolortheSharedMemoryprotocol.Runthefollowingcommandatacommandprompttoobtaininformationabouttheportsthatareinuse:
NETSTAT–an
YoucanalsousethePortqrycommand-lineutilitytoobtainmoreinformationabouttheportsthatareinuse.
NoteFornamedinstancesofSQLServer,SQLServerdynamicallydeterminestheportandlistensonthedeterminedport.Therefore,whenyoustartthenamedinstanceofSQLServer,SQLServertriestolistenontheportthatwaspreviouslybeingused.IfSQLServercannotbindtothatport,thenamedinstancemaydynamicallybindtoadifferentport.Inthatsituation,makesurethattheclientapplicationisalsosettodeterminetheportdynamically.Alternatively,youcanalsospecifyastaticportforthenamedinstancetobindtoandtolistenonbyusingClientNetworkUtility.
TroubleshootMDACIssues
ConnectivityproblemsmayalsooccurbecauseofproblemswithMDAC.Forexample,asoftwareinstallationmayoverwritesomeoftheMDACfilesorchangethepermissionsthatyoumusthavetoaccesstheMDACfiles.YoucanruntheMDACComponentCheckertoverifytheMDACinstallationonyourcomputer.
NoteIfyouareconnectingtoanamedinstanceofSQLServer,makesurethatyouarerunningMDAC2.6orlateronyourcomputer.EarlierversionsofMDACdonotrecognizenamedinstancesofSQLServer.Therefore,connectionstonamedinstancesmaynotbesuccessful.
YoucanusetheOdbcping.exeutilitytoverifyconnectionsthroughtheSQLServerODBCdriver.
YoucanalsotestconnectivitytotheinstanceofSQLServerbyusinga.udlfile.
Troubleshootfirewallissues
IffirewallexistsbetweentheclientcomputerandthecomputerthatisrunningSQLServer,makesurethattheportsthatarerequiredtocommunicatethroughthefirewallareopen.
IfyouusetheTCP/IPprotocoltoconnecttotheinstanceofSQLServer,makesurethatyoucanusetheTelnetprogramtoconnecttotheportwhereSQLServerislistening.TousetheTelnetprogram,runthefollowingcommandatacommandprompt:
Telnet
IftheTelnetprogramisnotsuccess
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