论文2正文+文献 2.docx
- 文档编号:23154451
- 上传时间:2023-05-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:26.64KB
论文2正文+文献 2.docx
《论文2正文+文献 2.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《论文2正文+文献 2.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
论文2正文+文献2
1.Introduction
GonewiththeWind,anAmericannovelbyMargaretMitchell,waspublishedin1936andwonthePulitzerPrizein1937.Thenovelisoneofthemostpopularofalltime,sellingmorethan30millioncopies.AndanAmericanfilmadaptationofthesamenamereleasedin1939becamethehighest-grossingfilminthehistoryofHollywoodandreceivedarecord-breakingnumberofAcademyAwards.Thestoryhappensin1861andendsin1871.Duringthetenyears,theSouthexperiencesagreatchange.Inthenovel,MitchellillustratedthehardshipsthattheSouthernpeoplelivethroughanddescribeshowtheyconquerdifficultiesandrebuildtheirlivesthroughthetimeofCivilWar.InGonewiththeWind,Mitchellsuccessfullycreatedsomelivelywomanimageswhichmadeaverydeepimpressiononreaders,suchasScarlettandMelanie.ButhowdidMitchellrevealfeminisminGonewiththeWind?
Thisthesiswillanalyzethereflectionoffeministinthisnovel,mainlybasedontheanalysisoftwoprominentfemalecharacters:
ScarlettandMelanie.They,astherepresentativesoffeminist,havetheirownclaimsandstandtotheirthoughts,pursuingtheautonomousrightsandself-consciousness.
Thebodyismadeupoffivebigparts.Part1givesaintroductionofliteraturereviewaboutGonewiththeWind,includingsomeearlyappraisalsandcontemporaryresearches.Part2isabouttheauthorMargaretMitchellandsocialconditionsofhertime.Part3willanalyzethereflectionoffeministinthisnovel,mainlybasedontheanalysisoftwoprominentfemalecharacters:
ScarlettandMelanie.Part4willmakeacomparisonbetweenScarlettandMelanie,andgettheirsimilaritiesanddifferences.Part5isconclusion.
2.LiteratureReview
2.1ThedefinitionanddevelopmentofFeminism
Feminismiscloselyrelatedtowomen’sstruggleforsocial,politicalandeconomicequalitybetweenmenandwomen,strivingforeliminatingallthebarriersthatpreventstheliberationanddevelopmentofthewomen.Thetermfeminismfirstappearedinthe19thcenturyinFranceandtheNetherlands.Sincethenitsmeaninghasbeenwidelydebatedandpeoplestilloftendisagreeaboutwhatitstandsfor.
Therearethreestagesinwesternfeminism.Thefirstsignificantfeministmovementbeganinthelate19thcenturyintheUKwiththecampaignforwomen’ssuffrage.Womengainedtherighttovote(iftheywereovertheageof30)inthe1918inBritain.Inthe1960s,asecondwaveoffeminismerupted.Peoplefoughtforissuessuchasaccesstobirthcontrolandequalpay.Athirdwaveoffeminismemergedintheearly1990s,asanattempttorectifythemovements’perceivedfailures.Today,71percentofAmericanand58percentofBritainwomenwouldnotdescribethemselvesasafeminist,accordingtoaCuardianarticle.Thefigureisexpectedtobelowerformen,ashistoricallytherehavebeenfewermenthanwomenhappytoidentifythemselvesasfeminists.
Mitchellwroteadistinctlyfeministnovel.Shesoundsthenoteearlywiththenarrator’scommentthat“atnotime,beforeorsince,hassolowapremiumbeenplacedonfemininenaturalness,”andshemercilesslyexposesasouthernpatriarchythatrequiresthatwomenbeflatteringlysubservienttomales,nomatterhowmuchlessintelligentandcapable.
2.2LiteraryreviewonGonewiththeWind
GonewiththeWindWasofficiallycompletedonJanuary22,1936.Bylate1965,
GonewiththeWindhadbeensoldmorethan10,000,000copiesandhadbeentranslatedintotwenty—fivelanguagesintwenty—ninecountries.Thefilmadaptationofit,releasedin1939,becamethehighest-grossingfilminthehistoryofHollywood.Asawell-knownnovel,GonewiththeWindhavebeenstudiedandanalyzedbymanycritics.Thefollowingaresomeworksaboutit.
2.2.1SomeearlyappraisalsofGonewiththeWind
SomeearlyappraisalsofGonewiththeWindnoteditsmemorablecharactersandhistoricalaccuracyaswellasMitchell’sremarkablestorytellingability,thoughmanyotherreviewsdismissedthenovelasmelodramaticandtrite.From1970s,thestudiesofthenovelbecamediversified:
textstudy,psychoanalysis,receptionaesthetics,myth-arch-etypicalcriticismandculturalcriticismareintegrated.
2.2.2ThreeaspectsoncontemporaryresearchesofGonewiththeWind
2.2.2.1Researchonthenovel’stheme
Ononehand,theacademiccircledepreciateit;ontheotherhand,criticspraiseit.AmericanEncyclopediapointsoutthatGonewiththeWinddescribessouthernersasnobleandunyieldingpeople.WhileManycriticsregardthenovelasasongoftheoldSouth,suchas0.LevitskiandO.Dumer’s“ColorSymbolismandMythologyinMargaretMitchell’sNovelGonewiththeWind”,andEaklor,VickiUsStrikingChordsandTouchingNerves:
MythandGenderGonewiththeWind.
2.2.2.2Researchonthemaincharacter
Itcanberoughlydividedintotwokinds.Ononeside,Scarieriscriticizedasarebellious,selfishwomanwithbadqualities.Ontheotherside,Scarieriscriticizedasacourageousandindependentheroine.Forinstance:
JonathanD.Austin’sPatConroy:
1wasraisedbyScarlettO'Hara.Citingquestionablemoralchoices,EaklormaintainstheinabilitytounderstandScarlett’scharacterisattheheartofthedynamicsofGonewiththeWindandresponsestoit.Forexample,BelleRosenbaum’s1937essaycallsGonewiththeWindan“obscenity”andScarier‘‘aharlot”.(Li,2000:
34)
2.2.2.3.Researchfromfeministperspective
Forexample:
ElizabethFox’sScarlettO'Hara.TheSouthernLadyasNewWoman,ClaudiaIbmPierpont’sAStudyinScarlett.InChina,manycriticsdiscussthefemaleconsciousnessfromtheperspectiveoffemininecriticism.Forexample,DongJinwei’s“TheCharm,ValueandCharacteristicofGonewiththeWind”confirmsthatGonewiththeWindismeaningfultowomen’sliberationandanalysesScarlett’spursuitoffreedomandindependence.
3.AboutMargaretMitchell
MargaretMitchell,anAmericanwomanwriterintheSouth,wasbornonNovember8,1900inAtlanta,Georgia,whereshelivedallherlife.Hermotherwasasuffragist,fatheraprominentlawyerandpresidentoftheAtlantaHistoricalSociety.MitchellgrewuplisteningtostoriesaboutoldAtlantaandthebattlestheconfederateArmyhadfoughtthereduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Attheageoffifteenshewroteinherjournal:
“IfIwereaboy,IwouldtryforWestPoint,ifIcouldmakeit,orwellI’dbeaprizefighter.”MitchellgraduatedfromthelocalWashingtonSeminaryandstartedin1918tostudymedicineatSmithCollege.InheryouthMitchelladoptedhermother’sfeministleaningswhichclashedwithherfather’sconservatism,butshelivedfullytheJazzageandwroteaboutitinnonfiction,likeinherarticle‘DancersNowDrownOutEventheCowbell’inheAtlantaJournalSundayMagazine.WhenMitchell’smotherdiedin1919,shereturnedtohometokeephouseforherfatherandbrother.In1922shemarriedBerrienKennardUpshaw.Thedisastrousmarriagewasclimaxedbyspousalrapeandwasannulledin1924.Mitchellstartedhercareerasajournalistin1922underthenamePeggyMitchell,writingarticles,interviews,sketches,andbookreviewsfortheAtlantaJournal.Fouryearslatersheresignedafteranankleinjury.Hersecondhusband,JohnRobertMarsh,anadvertisingmanager,encouragedMitchellinherwritingaspirations.
From1926to1929shewroteGonewiththeWind,thenoveltookhernearlytenyears.Sheneverthoughtthatsomanypeoplefavoritevennow.Thebookbrokesalesrecords,theNewYorkerpraiseditandthepoetandcriticJohnCroweRansomadmired“thearchitecturalpersistencebehindthebigwork”butcriticizedthebookasoverlySouthern,particularlyinitstreatmentofReconstruction.MalcolmCowley’sdisdaininhisrevieworiginatedpartlyfromthebook’spopularity.JohnPealeBishopdismissedthenovelasmerely“Onemoreofthose1000pagenovels,competentbutneitherverygoodnorverysound.”Butintheseopponents’sounds,thebookwasawardedthePulitzerPrize.MitchelldiedinAtlantaonAugust16,1949.ShewasstruckbyaspeedingcarwhilecrossingPeachtreeStreet.
4.SocialConditionsofMargaretMitchell’stime
4.1Women’ssocialstatusinAmericasocietyatMargaretMitchell’stime
ThestoryhappensinthesouthernplantationbeforeAmericanCivilWar.Atthattime,theSouthisanewreclaimedlandinwhichtheindustrialcivilizationhasnotyetpenetratedit.Theresidentsrestontherollingmoneygainedbycottonplantingandpicking.There,withintheshadowofchivalry,keepstheskin-deepgraceandsplendor.Womenlivingontheredsoilaredelicateflowers,tightlyclingingtomenanddecoratingmen’sworld.Theyhavenorightstovote.Norcantheycontroltheirbelongingsorchildrenaftertheygetmarried,letalonedrawawillormakeatreatywithouttheirhusbands’permission.Theirsocialstatusisparallelto“thatofaminororaslave”(DeborahL.Madsen,2006).Theyenduredualoppressionnotonlyfrommenbutalsofromthemselves,lyinginthesubordinatesocialpositionwithouttheprivilegetomanagetheirownlives.Inthismale-dominatedworld,menstiflewomen’sdevelopmentfromeveryaspect.
Firstly,theystraineverynervetoconfinewomeninthehousetomakesurethatwomen’signorancehasnotbeencorruptedbythesocietyandtheyaresatisfiedtobethelovely“vase”.Womenareimprisonedathomewantingeconomicindependence.Theexclusiveapproachfortheirsocialstatusandeconomicwarrantyistomarryandgivebirthtobabies.
Secondly,menalsospirituallysuppresswomen.Theymayyieldtowomenandsatisfytheirallkindsofsmallrequirementsaboutthehouseholdaffairs;neverthelessoncewomenhaveindependentopinions,theywillfeelpanicandpulleverystringtoholdthemback.Regrettably,womenareimp
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 论文2正文+文献 论文 正文 文献