眼科常用口语.docx
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眼科常用口语.docx
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眼科常用口语
ENGLISHGUIDETOCOMMONEXAMINATIONPHRASES
OCULARDISEASE
POSTERIORSEGMENTEXAMINATION
RETINA
ARTERIES/VEINS
CRVO(CENTRALRETINALARTERYOCCLUSION)
“Everythingsuddenlywentdarkinmyrighteye.Itwasn'tpainful.ButIcanseeanythingthroughthateye.AllIcanmakeoutareyourfingers”
1Youhadastrokeinyoureyeduetoblockedarteries.Thisisprobablyaresult,ofanunderlyingsystemiccondition.IneedyoutocloseyoureyesandIwilltouchyoureyelidsinordertomassagethem.Nowholdthispaperbag,takeadeepbreathandholdthenbreathintothebag.
ANTERIORCHAMBERPARACENTESIS
2Weneedtodrainalittlebitoffluidfromyoureyes.Thisproceduremayimproveyourpresentvisualacuity.Areyouallergictonumbingdrops?
Pleaserelaxyoureyes.Ineedtonumboneofyoureyemuscles.Youwillfeelapressuresensation.Justkeepyoureyesturnedtowardstheside.Lookatwheremyfingersare.
3NowIneedyoutotakethispill.Ithelpsreduceyoureyepressuretopreventfurtherdamage.
WORK-UP
4Ineedtofindtheunderlyingcauseofyourcondition.Yourvisionwillnotimprove.Butweneedtopreservewhatremains.Follow-upisimportant.Ialsoneedtoreferyoutoaninternistforacompleteworkup.Theywillneedtorunbloodtests(FBS,CBC,PT/PTT,ANA,FTA-ABS)andsofourth(CarotidDoppler,ultrasound,ECG).Ineedtoseeyoubackin3-4weekstomakesuretherearenosignsofoxygendeprivationdamage.
Iwillhavemystaffmakethatappointmentforyou.
BRVO(BRABCHRETINALARTERYOCCLUSION)
5Youhaveapartialstroketoyoureyeduetoblockedartery.Thisisprobablyduetoanunderlyingsystemiccondition.Ineedtoseeyoubackin3-6monthstomonitoryourcondition.Follow-upisimportantsopleasedon'tforget.
CRVO(CENTRALRETINALARTERYOCCLUSION)
Youhaveablockageinthedrainagesystemofbloodinyoureye.Itiscausingbloodtoleakoutofvessels,whichisthecauseofyourvisualproblems.Weneedtofindouttheunderlyingcause.Areyouonany.medicationssuchasoralcontraceptives?
Doyourememberthenameofyourbloodpressurepill?
Ineedtodiscusswithyourdoctorandseeifit'sadvisabletochangeyourmedication.Ialsoneedtoreferyoutoaninternistforabloodwork-up.Irecommendwedoafluoresceinangiography.It'saspecialtestthatwillgivemebetterinformationastotheextentofvesselblockage.Iwillneedtoinjectthisyellowdyeintoyoursystem.Wewillthentakephotosofthebackpartofyoureyes.Whenyougooutside,itisimportantthatyouhavesunprotectionandcoveryourskinbecausethisdyemakesyourskinmoresensitivetothesun.Somepatientshaveeventoldmewhentheygotothebathroom,theirurineturnsyellow.Butthiswon'tbepermanent.Ineedtoseeyoubackevery4weeksforthesefirstsixmonthstocloselymonitorforsignsofoxygendeprivation.
BRVO(BRABCHRETINALARTERYOCCLUSION)
7Youhaveapartialblockageofthedrainagesystemofbloodinyoureye.Itiscausingbloodtoleakoutofvessels,whichiscausingyourvisualproblems.Weneedtofindouttheunderlyingcause.Thisisusuallyrelatedtohypertension(HTN)ordiabetes.Ineedtoreferyoutoaninternistforbloodtesting.Ineedyoutocomebackevery1-2monthstomonitorthebloodleakageandforinitialsignsofoxygendeprivationsowecantreatyourightaway.
DIABETICRETINOPATHY
8YouhaveaconditioncalledDiabetes(DM),whichisincreasedbloodsugar,andthisisaffectingyourvision.Weneedtoreferyoutoanintemisttocontroltheunderlyingcausewithmedications.Regulareyeexamsareimportanttomonitorforprogression.
9What'syourfastingbloodsugarlevel?
Doyourememberyourglycosylatedhemoglobin#?
Itisimportanttotrytokeepthatnumber<6.5-7.0%.
DIABETESWITHOUTRETINOPATHY
10Youreyeslookgreat.Idon'tseeanysignsofdiabetes.Keepupthegoodjobincontrollingyourbloodsugarlevel.Iwanttoseeyoubackeveryyearlookingthisway.
11Sinceyouarejustinyourfirsttrimesterandknowingthatyouarediabetic,Iwanttomonitoryoureyesclosely.Everythingtodaylooksperfect.Pleasecomebackin6monthssoIcancheckupofthingsagain.
DIABETESWITHMILDNPDR
12Iseeearlysignsofdiabetesaffectingyoureyes.Ifyou'vehaddiabetesforover15years,it'sexpected.Ineedyoutocomebackforadilatedexamin6monthstomonitoryourcondition.
13Youarejustinyourfirsttrimester.Idoseeverymild,tracesignsofbloodleakage.Itisofnomajorconcernatthistime.Ineedtomonitoritsprogressionclosely.Many'haveshownregressionsoonalterbirth.SoIwilljustneedtofollowupagainwhenyou'vereachedyoursecondandthirdtrimester.
DIABETESWITHMODERATETOSEVERENPDR
14Iseeearlysignsofoxygendeprivationatthebackofyoureyesduetoyourdiabetes.Ineedtoseeyoubackin3monthstomonitoryourcondition.Notreatmentisnecessaryatthistime.
HIGHRISKNPDR(PREGNANT)
15Iseesignsofoxygendeprivationatthebackofyoureyes.Thereisa50/50chanceitwillprogress.ButI’veseenregressionafterbirth.PleasecomebacknextmonthsoIcanmonitorforanychanges.
PDR
16Weneedtoworkonhowtobettercontrolyourdiabetes.Itisaffectingyoureyesinawaythatcanresultinvisionloss.Ineedtoseeyoubackinonemonth.
HIGHRISKPDR/CLINICALLYSIGNIFICANTEDEMA(CSME)
17Youneedlaserbeatmenttopreventfurthervisionloss.WecallitPanretinalLaserPhotocoagulation(Focallasertreatment).Iamseeingnewbloodvesselsgrowthattheopticdisc(aroundyourretina/iris)whichshouldn'tbethere.Ittellsmethatyoureyesarenotgettingoxygenandyoursystemiscreatingnewvesselsinresponsetothat.Youarenowatveryhighriskforvisualloss.Inordertopreservewhatyouhave,thelaserwillkillunnecessaryretinalcellstodecreasetheoxygendemand.Toputthisanotherway,pictureyourretinaasaforest.Butit'ssufferingfromadraught.Thereisaspecialtreeinsidethecenteroftheforestthatyoumustsave.Inordertodothat,youneedtokillrestofthetreesaroundsotheywon'tcompeteforwater.Initiallyforthefirstweekrightafterthetreatment,youwillthinkthingslooksworst(dimnessofvision).Butyoureyeswilladapttothischange.
18Ineedtobeatyou.butitdoesnotindicateyouneedtoterminateyourpregnancy.Ineedtoexamineyoueverymonth.Ataroundthetimeoflabor,it'sImportanttomonitoryourcondition.IfIcontinuetoseeactivePDR,Iwillneedtocommunicatewithyourdoctor.Weshoulddiscussaboutheneedforcesareansectionbecausetheenergyexertedduringnaturalbirthmaycausehemorrhageinsideyoureyeswhichwillresultincomplicationsofyourvisionandtreatmentregimen.
HYPERTENSIVERETINOPATHY
19Hypertensionisusuallyasymptomatic,soitisimportanttocheckyourbloodpressuredaily.WearefindingchangesrelatedtoHTNinyoureye.Comebackin2monthsforafollow-upsoIcanseeifitresolvesornot.
ARTERIOSCLEROTICRETINOPHY
20Youhaveaconditionfromlong-standinghypertension.Youneedtobereferredtoaninternisttotreattheunderlyingcause.
TEMPORALARTERITIS(AION)
21Youhaveaninflammationofthelargeandmediumsizedarteries.Thecauseisunknown.Medicationsmustbetakentopreventinvolvementoftheethereye.
MACULA
CELLOPHANEMACULOPATHY
22Amembranehasgrowninthebackofyoureye.Thisisnotanurgentcondition,butitneedstobemonitored.Yearlyfollow-upexaminationsareamusttomonitortheprogressionofyourcondition.
CSC(CENTRALSEROUSCHOROIDOPATHY)
23Thereisfluidsimilartoablister,inthecentralvisionpartofthebackofyoureye.Itwillgoaway,butitmaytakesometime(1-6months).DoyourhomeamslergridoneeyeatatimeandRTCifyourtoticeanychanges.Thereisaverygoodchanceofcompleterecovery.
CME(CYSTOIDMACULAREDEMA)
24Youhaveaconditioninwhichthereisfluidgoingintothebackoftheeye,undertheretina.Whenthisconditionresolves,yourvisionwillimprove.Youneedtobeseenbyaninternisttoruleoutanyunderlyingcause,usuallyrelatedtoHtn,DM,cataractsurgery.
AGERELATEDMACULARDEGENERATION(ARMD)
NON-EXUDATIVE
25Therearesignsofaginginthecentralpartofthebackofyoureye.Ineedtomonitorthisconditionforanychanges.Irecommendyoutakethesevitaminsupplements,4tabletsperday.Ineedtoknowifyouarestillsmokingorifyou'vesmokedbefore.Ifthatisthecase,Iwon'tprescribeVitaminAforyoubecauseIdon'twanttocreateanewproblem(enhanceyourlungcancerrate).Thesevitaminswillnotaffectyourcataracts.Sofartherearenocureforthis,butwecantrytoslowdownitsrateofprogression.
EXUDATIVE
26Thereisapossibilityofbleedinginthebackofyoureye.Yourvisionwillnetimprove.Iwanttohelpyou.ThereareverygoodIowvisionaidsthatcanhelpmaximizetheuseofyourremainingvision.
27YourvisuallossisIrreversible.Butwestillneedtomonitorforretinaldetachment.Ifthereisasuddenonsetofflashesand:
floaters,comeintoourofficeASAP.
PERIPHERALRETINA
28Iseeasmallareaofweaknessatthebackofyoureyes.Averysmallpieceoftissuehasbeentomaway.Usuallythetreatmentforthisistoleaveitalone.Butyoumustpaycarefulattentionforsignsofretinaldetachment.Ifyouseeflashesandfloatersoracurtaininanywhereinyourflashesandfloatersoracurtaininanywhereinyourfieldofview,RTCimmediately.
RETINOSCHISIS
29Youhaveaseparationofthelayersinthebackofyoureye.Follow-upisnecessarytomonitortheprogressionandpreventpermanentvisionloss.RTCASAPifyounoticedflashesandfloaters.
LATTICEDEGENERATION
30Youhavethinningofthetissueintheperipheral
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