南开大学考博英语.docx
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南开大学考博英语.docx
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南开大学考博英语
一、听力(1分×20=20分)
二、词汇(0.5分×20=10分)
三、阅读(1-10题1分,11-30题1.5分,共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分)
(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷
Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostofwhomarenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindowontheworld:
theirmeansofcommunicating,capturingprey(猎物),meetingmatesandprotectingthemselves.Aweb-buildingspiderwithoutitswebislikeamencastawayonanislandofsolidrock,totallyoutoftouchanddestinedtostarvetodeath.bycontrolpanel
Soimportantisthewebtoanorb-webspider’ssurvivalthattheanimalwillcontinuetoconstructnewwebsdailyevenifitisbeingstarved.For16daysthestarvingspiderbuildscompletelynormalwebs.Then,astheanimalgetsscrawnier(憔悴的),itconstructsawider-meshedwebusingfewerstrands(线).Suchwebswouldonlytraplargerprey,whichismoreeconomicalfromtheperspectiveofastarvingspider.bycontrolpanel
Thespiderstoresenergybyrecyclingwebprotein.Itsimplyeatsitsownwebeacheveningandreusesittoproducenewsilk.Instudieswithradioactively,labeledmaterials,itwasfoundthat95percentofwebproteinreappearsinthenextday’web.Mostoftheenergyneededforweb-buildingisusedinwalkingoverthestrandsastheyarelaiddown.bycontrolpanel
Scientistsareimpressedbytheadaptabilityofthespider’shighlypreprogrammedbrain,whichislargerforitssizethanthebrainofanyotherinvertebrate(无脊推动物).Ifweb-buildingisinterrupted,orifsomeoftheexistingstrandsaredestroyed,thespidersimplygoesbacktoseewherethewebisleftoffandthenfinishesbuildinganormalweb.Onespiderwillfinishbuildingtheincompletewebofanother.bycontrolpanel
1.Atitlethatwouldbestexpressthemainideaofthepassagewouldbe.
A.SecretsofSpiders.B.SecretsoftheWeb
C.SecretsofNatureD.ANewDiscoveryofScientists
2.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
A.Allweb-buildingspidersareblind
B.Mostspidersareblind
C.Onlyasmallpartofweb-buildingspiderscansee.
D.Allspiderscanweavewebs.
3.Withoutitswebaweb-buildingspiderwouldNOTbeableto.
A.walkquicklyB.seethepreyclearly
C.conserveitsenergyD.survive
4.Aspiderconservesitsenergy.
A.becauseitconstructsnewwebsdaily
B.asitwalksoverthestrandsitlays
C.byeatingitsownwebproteinandthenre-usingitinthenewweb
D.byeatingonlyintheevening
5.Thataspiderisabletofinishanincompletewebofanotherprovesthat.
A.aspiderre-usesitswebenergytoreproducenewsilk
B.spidershaveahighlypreprogrammedbrain
C.thewebiseverythingtoaspider
D.aspiderisabletoremedyadestroyedweb.
(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题
Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.bycontrolpanel
Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.bycontrolpanel
6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
(A)Weathervariationsinthedesert
(B)Adaptationsofdesertanimals
(C)Diseasedofdesertanimals
(D)Humanuseofdesertanimals.
7.Accordingtothepassage,whyislightcoloringanadvantagetolargedesertanimals?
(A)Ithelpsthemhidefrompredators.
(B)Itdoesnotabsorbsunlightasmuchasdarkcolors.
(C)Ithelpsthemseetheiryoungatnight
(D)Itkeepsthemcoolatnight.
8.TheauthorusesofGrant’sgazelleasanexampleof
(A)ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature
(B)ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel
(C)adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures
(D)adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature
9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?
(A)Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.
(B)Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly
(C)Theyeasilylosetheirappetites.
(D)Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.
10.Whydoestheauthormentionhumansinthesecondparagraph?
(A)Toshowhowtheyusecamels.
(B)Tocontrastthemtodesertmammals.
(C)Togiveinstructionsaboutdesertsurvival.
(D)Toshowhowtheyhaveadaptedtodesertlife.
(C)关于旅游能扩展思路(原文没找到)
(D)出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.bycontrolpanel
Wemaybeapproachingthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrow,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious.Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.bycontrolpanel
Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtofloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencourageinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandard-sizeclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses,particularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.
Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents’thinkingprocessesoperateallessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.
Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmine,John,allowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Johnthenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents’namesandfaces.bycontrolpanel
11.Theprimarypurposeofdeskrearrangementis_______.
A. Fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups.
B. Tomakeitpossibleforstudentstointeractwitheachother.
C. Fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink.
D. Togivestudentsmoreopportunitiestopracticespeaking.
12.Theexpression“stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”(inPara.1)is
intendedtoconveytheideathat_______.
A. Collegeclassroomsoftenremindedpeopleoftheircollegelife.
B. Criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago.
C. Ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent.
D. Thereisnotmuchchangeineducationalideaoverthepasthundredyears.
13.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroup
mightbethat________
A. Theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat.
B. Learningismadecomfortableinthisway.
C. Theteachercaneasilyrememberstudents’namesandfaces.
D. Brighterstudentscanhelpslowerones.
14.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueaccordingtothepassageexceptthat
_________.
A. Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.
B. Itisfeasibleforteachertoletstudentsturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosixeveninlargelecturehalls.
C. Classroominteractionbetweenstudentsisessentialtothetraining
ofcriticalthinking.
D. Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.
15.TheauthormentionedJohninPara.5inorderto________
A. Createacomfortablesettingf
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