南开大学考博英语.docx

南开大学考博英语.docx

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南开大学考博英语

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）

（A）出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

    Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostofwhomarenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindowontheworld:

theirmeansofcommunicating,capturingprey（猎物）,meetingmatesandprotectingthemselves.Aweb-buildingspiderwithoutitswebislikeamencastawayonanislandofsolidrock，totallyoutoftouchanddestinedtostarvetodeath.bycontrolpanel

    Soimportantisthewebtoanorb-webspider’ssurvivalthattheanimalwillcontinuetoconstructnewwebsdailyevenifitisbeingstarved.For16daysthestarvingspiderbuildscompletelynormalwebs.Then,astheanimalgetsscrawnier（憔悴的），itconstructsawider-meshedwebusingfewerstrands（线）.Suchwebswouldonlytraplargerprey,whichismoreeconomicalfromtheperspectiveofastarvingspider.bycontrolpanel

    Thespiderstoresenergybyrecyclingwebprotein.Itsimplyeatsitsownwebeacheveningandreusesittoproducenewsilk.Instudieswithradioactively，labeledmaterials,itwasfoundthat95percentofwebproteinreappearsinthenextday’web.Mostoftheenergyneededforweb-buildingisusedinwalkingoverthestrandsastheyarelaiddown．bycontrolpanel

    Scientistsareimpressedbytheadaptabilityofthespider’shighlypreprogrammedbrain,whichislargerforitssizethanthebrainofanyotherinvertebrate（无脊推动物）．Ifweb-buildingisinterrupted,orifsomeoftheexistingstrandsaredestroyed，thespidersimplygoesbacktoseewherethewebisleftoffandthenfinishesbuildinganormalweb.Onespiderwillfinishbuildingtheincompletewebofanother.bycontrolpanel

1.Atitlethatwouldbestexpressthemainideaofthepassagewouldbe.  

A.SecretsofSpiders.B.SecretsoftheWeb

C.SecretsofNatureD.ANewDiscoveryofScientists

2.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue  

A.Allweb-buildingspidersareblind

B.Mostspidersareblind

C.Onlyasmallpartofweb-buildingspiderscansee.

D.Allspiderscanweavewebs.

3.Withoutitswebaweb-buildingspiderwouldNOTbeableto.

A.walkquicklyB.seethepreyclearly  

C.conserveitsenergyD.survive

4.Aspiderconservesitsenergy.

A.becauseitconstructsnewwebsdaily

B.asitwalksoverthestrandsitlays

C.byeatingitsownwebproteinandthenre-usingitinthenewweb

D.byeatingonlyintheevening

5.Thataspiderisabletofinishanincompletewebofanotherprovesthat.

A.aspiderre-usesitswebenergytoreproducenewsilk

B.spidershaveahighlypreprogrammedbrain

C.thewebiseverythingtoaspider

D.aspiderisabletoremedyadestroyedweb.

（B）出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.bycontrolpanel

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.bycontrolpanel

6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

（A）Weathervariationsinthedesert  

（B）Adaptationsofdesertanimals  

（C）Diseasedofdesertanimals  

（D）Humanuseofdesertanimals.  

7.Accordingtothepassage,whyislightcoloringanadvantagetolargedesertanimals?

（A）Ithelpsthemhidefrompredators.  

（B）Itdoesnotabsorbsunlightasmuchasdarkcolors.  

（C）Ithelpsthemseetheiryoungatnight  

（D）Itkeepsthemcoolatnight.  

8.TheauthorusesofGrant’sgazelleasanexampleof  

（A）ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature  

（B）ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel  

（C）adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures  

（D）adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature  

9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

（A）Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.  

（B）Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly  

（C）Theyeasilylosetheirappetites.  

（D）Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.  

10.Whydoestheauthormentionhumansinthesecondparagraph?

（A）Toshowhowtheyusecamels.  

（B）Tocontrastthemtodesertmammals.  

（C）Togiveinstructionsaboutdesertsurvival.  

（D）Toshowhowtheyhaveadaptedtodesertlife.  

（C）关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到）

（D）出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.bycontrolpanel

Wemaybeapproachingthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrow,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious.Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.bycontrolpanel

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtofloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencourageinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandard-sizeclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses,particularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents’thinkingprocessesoperateallessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmine,John,allowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Johnthenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents’namesandfaces.bycontrolpanel

11.Theprimarypurposeofdeskrearrangementis_______.

A.    Fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups.

B.    Tomakeitpossibleforstudentstointeractwitheachother.

C.    Fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink.

D.    Togivestudentsmoreopportunitiestopracticespeaking.

12.Theexpression“stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”（inPara.1）is

    intendedtoconveytheideathat_______.

A.    Collegeclassroomsoftenremindedpeopleoftheircollegelife.

B.    Criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago.

C.    Ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent.

D.    Thereisnotmuchchangeineducationalideaoverthepasthundredyears.

13.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroup

  mightbethat________

A.    Theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat.

B.    Learningismadecomfortableinthisway.

C.    Theteachercaneasilyrememberstudents’namesandfaces.

D.    Brighterstudentscanhelpslowerones.

14.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueaccordingtothepassageexceptthat

  _________.  

A.    Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.    Itisfeasibleforteachertoletstudentsturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosixeveninlargelecturehalls.

C.    Classroominteractionbetweenstudentsisessentialtothetraining  

ofcriticalthinking.

D.    Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

15.TheauthormentionedJohninPara.5inorderto________

A.    Createacomfortablesettingf