研究生英语下课后题答案.docx
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研究生英语下课后题答案.docx
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研究生英语下课后题答案
Unit1Human-basedStrategy
KeytotheExercises
1.ReadingComprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)B
(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)B
2.Vocabulary
a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.
(1)astute
(2)ignite(3)enthusiasm(4)turnover
(5)transaction(6)interactwith(7)comeintocontactwith(8)empower
(9)superior(10)dropout
b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.
(1)B
(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)A(7)D(8)B(9)C(10)A
4.Translation
a.ChinesetoEnglish
1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Thefascinationgeneratedbyexplorationwillinspireouryoungpeopletostudymath,scienceandengineering,andcreateanewgenerationofinnovatorsandpioneers.
(2)UponreturningtoEngland,heemployedthefavorablemediaattentionasalaunchingpadforhisforayintopolitics.
(3)Owningtothenatureofeverygrowingbusiness,youwillneedtobeonthegoconstantly,andalsobeonthegopreparedtoworkshiftwork,includingnightsandweekends.
(4)InAustralia,gasolinepriceshaveretreated,althoughfallshavebeenlimitedbecauseoftheweaknessoftheAustraliandollaragainstitsAmericancounterpart.
(5)TheAsianeconomyhaspresentedapositivetrend.Somecountrieshaveovercometheimpactofthefinancialcrisisandreviveddevelopment.Asiahasonceagainbecomethespotlightofglobaleconomicgrowth.
(6)China’saccessiontotheWTOcanpromotenotonlythedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,butalsothatoftheworldeconomyandwillinjectnewimpetusintotheprogressofAsianeconomyandworldeconomy.
(7)Thegrowingquantityofinformation,couplewiththedevelopmentoftechnologies,enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.
(8)Thefutureissomethingwhicheveryonereachesattherateofsixtyminutesanhour,whateverhedoes,whoeverheis.
2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
It’sactuallyprettynatural,andalmostunavoidable,formanagerstoformexpectationsoftheirworkers.Researchhasfoundthatinanorganization,ourexpectationsofotherscanbetieddirectlytoproductivity,profitability,andyes-motivation!
Ifyouhavehighexpectationsofyouremployees,youwillpossessapowerfulandeffectivetoolforimprovingperformanceandmotivationwithinyourorganization.Performanceisoftenamatterofexpectations.Managersandsupervisorsformexpectationsofothers,whichtheninfluencehowtheyinteractwiththosepeople.Ifyoudon’texpectmuchfromyouremployees,theywillsensethatandperformpoorly.Why?
Becauseyourexpectationsofthemaffecttheirdesiretodowell.Thepointisthatpeoplenaturallytrytoliveuptoourexpectationsofthem,orlivedowntothem,whateverthecasemaybe.Soexpectthebestfromyouremployeesanddon’tbesurprisedifthat’sexactlywhatyouget!
b.EnglishtoChinese
1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?
我们至少可以列出四条:
第一,它们重视文化的多样性。
他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二,它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.
(1)首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。
(2)如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。
(3)你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。
事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。
(4)员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。
(5)只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。
Unit3CyberspaceNetwork
KeytotheExercises
1.ReadingComprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)A
(2)C(3)B(4)C(5)A
2.Vocabulary
a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.
(1)derail
(2)hype(3)spamming(4)nascent(5)simulate
(6)parlance(7)weaponry(8)unplug(9)hostage(10)civilians
b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.
(1)D
(2)B(3)A(4)C(5)C(6)B(7)A(8)C(9)D(10)A
4.Translation
a.ChinesetoEnglish
1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Gainingrealknowledgerequirestakingrisksandkeepingthemindopen—butmostpeopleprefertobereassuredratherthantolearnthecomplexandoftenunsettlingtruthaboutanything.
(2)Thesoldiersweresocourageousthattheysworetowipeoutanyenemythatdaretoinvadeintotheircountry.
(3)They’resolackinginconfidenceintheattractionofbroadcastingthegamesonTVthattheyfeeltheyhavetohypeupwithsomehystericalcommentatorinordertogetanyonetowatchthem.
(4)What’sworse,therearethosewhowouldunleashmaliciousnetworkattacksdesignedtoexploitthesehiddenvulnerabilitiestouncovertheprizeddatawithin.
(5)Thechangeofthegovernment’sinterferencestrategiesonhousingusheredinaperiodofstablehouseprices.
(6)Thisshowstrueleadership,sustainedvision,andsolidcommitment.Theywereapplaudedforstickingwithitforsomanyyearswithgreatsubtlety.
(7)Howtosingleoutthemostsuccinctwaytofinishtheworkstillremainsaproblem.
(8)ButDefenseSecretaryGatessaidtheUnitedStateshasputalotonthetableintermsofmissiledefenseproposalsanditistimefortheRussianstoreciprocate.
2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
Accordingtosomemediareportsrecently,thecyberattackstoGoogleandmanyAmericancompaniesseemedtohaveoriginatedinChina.TheChairmanofChineseInternetAssociationrefutesthatitwasanirresponsibleprejudicetoallegeonthatcyberattacksoriginatedinChinawithoutthoroughinvestigation,andwasthereforeabsolutelyarbitrary.Withtherapiddevelopmentoninternetintheglobe,itwasdifficulttodeterminetheoriginbecauseoftheeaseofhidingidentitiesonline.Thehackermayhideidentities,logonthecomputerofaforeigncountryandcommitcyberattackstothecomputersinthethirdone.However,China’sinformationnetwork,aswellasmanyothercountries,alsofacesseverethreatofcyberattacks.Chinesegovernmenthasalwaysattachedgreatimportancetothesecurityofthecomputernetworkandstrengthenedinternationalcooperationtocrackdownoncrossbordercybercrimes,aswellasenhanceditscrackdownthroughconsultationandcollaborationwiththeInternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization.Therefore,itiswhollynonsensetoallegeonthatcyberattacksoriginatedinChinajudgingmerelyfromcomputerIPaddressofChina.
b.EnglishtoChinese
1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用?
尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。
比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。
在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求并不容易满足:
在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。
在2008年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。
这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。
这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。
网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。
军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判,即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。
2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.
(1)根据最近的一项有关网络功能的民意调查显示,46%的受访者将因特网描述为朋友,43%的人则把它看成是敌人,还有11%的人心里不清楚。
(2)网络能通过减少填写和更新应聘者资料的时间和成本来提高招聘效率,提升评估的有效性,以此来增强搜索公司提供给客户的建议的价值。
(3)设想他们电脑的桌面上有一个图标,能够让他们提醒你一些任务,并且可以用鼠标将具体细节发送给你,这对客户来说将会是多么方便的事啊!
(4)也就是说,一个设计良好的网络招聘程序能用网络来处理数据,每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障碍,因此用人单位可以辨识候选人之间的细微差别,评估他们的优缺点,并且抓住机会推销他们。
(5)这些新聘用的人员很快就被送到高价的培训项目中去学习在线获取应聘者资料的技术——远端网络数据挖掘工具——然后马上就能投入到工作之中去。
Unit4LoveandMarriage
KeytotheExercises
1.ReadingComprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)A
(2)B(3)C(4)C(5)A
2.Vocabulary
a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.
(1)encapsulate
(2)proclaim(3)companionable(4)respectability(5)intrinsically
(6)justification(7)contractual(8)exclusivity(9)gratifying(10)flexibility
b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.
(1)A
(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)A(6)B(7)C(8)A(9)C(10)B
4.Translation
a.ChinesetoEnglish
1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Potentialinvestorsexploringmorepromisingareas,suchaslowcarbonenergyandinfrastructure,arestymiedbecauseofthelackofaclearpolicyframework.
(2)Fortunately,mostmanagerswelcomesuchinitiative,andtheyareincreasinglywillingtogivetheiremployeesmoreresponsibility,autonomy,andauthorityintheirjobs.
(3)Weareofferingapackagedealwhichincludesthewholeofficecomputersystem,stafftrainingandhardwaremaintenance.
(4)Althoughthissocalledcontinuousspeechrecognitionapproachhasindeedimprovedaccuracy,itisbynomeansinfallible.
(5)Thisisaconcreteillustrationofwhatwemeanbyoneandthesamethinghavingtwocontradictoryaspects.
(6)Actualdemandinaparticularyear,inparticularintheprivatesector,dependsontheeconomicfactorsandthecommercialdecisionsofdevelopersandconsumers.
(7)Ifyoueverneedabloodtransfusion,it’simportantthatyouonlyreceivebloodcompatiblewithyourowntype.
(8)Therefore,theEuropeanizationofChinesedoesnotstemfromaninternalforce,butratheroriginatesfromanexternalpressure.
2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
Mostofus,whenyoung,hadtheexperienceofasweetheartbeingtakenfromusbysomebodymoreattractiveandmoreappealing.Atthetime,wemayhaveresentedthisintruder—butaswegrewolder,werecognizedthatthesweethearthadneverbeenourstobeginwith.Itwasnottheintruderthat“caused”thebreak,butthelackofarealrelationship.Onthesurface,manymarriagesseemtobreakup
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