新高考英语时文阅读精练含中文翻译及答案解析.docx

新高考英语时文阅读精练含中文翻译及答案解析.docx

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新高考英语时文阅读精练含中文翻译及答案解析

新高考英语时文阅读精练（含中文翻译及答案解析）

A

Thenewcoronavirus（新冠病毒）isthethirdtohavejumpedfromanimalstohumansinthe21stcentury.Here’swhatweknowaboutthesemodernviruses,howtheyhavespread,andhowpublichealthsystemshaveresponded.

Afamilyofvirusesthatcanalsocausethecommoncold

SARS,MERS,andCovid-19areallinfectionscausedbymembersofagroupofvirusescalledcoronaviruses.“Coronavirusesareafamilyofviruseswhichcancauseavarietyofdiseasesinhumansandanimals,typicallyillnessesrelatedtobreathinginhumans,”explainsS.WesleyLong.Threedifferentcoronavirusescauseuptoathirdofallcasesofthecommoncold,headds.Virusesthathaveneverbeforebeenknowntoinfecthumanstypicallyaremorevirulent,meaningtheyaremorelikelytomakepeoplesick.“Whentheymakethejumptohumans,ourpreexistingimmunity（免疫力）islow,”explainsEricCioe-Pena.

Relatedbutdifferent

Likemembersofanyextendedfamily,MERS,SARS,andCovid-19alsohavedifferentpersonalitiesthataffecthowtheybehaveinpublic.MERShadthehighestdeathrateatabout35percent,followedbySARSat10percent.Sofar,Covid-19hasthelowestdeathrate,currentlyestimatedbetween2and3percent,saysDr.Long.ButCovid-19istransmittedbetweenhumansmuchmoreefficientlythaneitherSARSorMERS,whichhelpsexplainwhyithastraveledsomuchfasterthanitstwomodernpredecessors.

Whathavewelearned?

Anynewepidemicwilldisruptpublichealthsystems,nomatterhowcomplicated.Therearejusttoomanyunknowns.Covid-19ismovingsofastthatpublichealthofficialsarestrugglingtokeeptestingguidelinesuptodate.Whileresearchersaremakingprogresstowardavaccine（疫苗）,we’reatleastayearawayfromhavingonereadyforpublicuse.Someofthemostbasicstrategiesarestillthemosteffective.Isolatingsickpatientsathome,closingschools,andlimitingtravelcanhelpslowthespread.

1.Whatkindofdiseasecanthecoronaviruscause?

A.Heartdisease.B.Lungdisease.C.Skindisease.D.Liverdisease.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“virulent”mean?

A.Deadly.B.Mild.C.Universal.D.Controllable.

3.WhatisspecialaboutCovid-19?

A.Itcanspreadveryquickly.

B.Itsdeathrateisthehighest.

C.Ithasthefewestinfections.

D.Itiscausedbycoronavirus.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thevaccinecanbeputintouseimmediately.

B.Theviruswillreducethehumanbodyimmunity.

C.Humanbeingshaveacompletegraspofthisvirus.

D.Thethreeviruseshaveexactlythesamecharacteristics.

B

TheStudyFindingofUnusedDrugDisposal

AsofApril2019,70%oftheU.S.populationnowliveslessthanfivemilesfromapermanent①drugdisposal②collectionsite–however,mostpeopleareunawareofrecommendeddisposalmethodsavailablewithintheircommunitiesorhavenotdisposedofunusedprescription③opioidsinthepast.

Inresponsetoadditionalprovisions④inlegislationfrom2018,theU.S.GovernmentAccountabilityOffice（GAO）wasrequiredtostudyproperdisposalofunusedpharmaceuticals⑤,particularlyinrelationtohowpatientsdisposeofunusedprescriptionmedications.

Inthestudy,theGAOfoundthattheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）,DrugEnforcement⑥Administration（DEA）andtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）allrecommendthatpatientsdisposeofunusedprescriptionopioidsbybringingthemtoDEA-registeredcollectionsitesoraDEAtakebackevent.Youcaneasilyfindregistered⑦controlledsubstancepublicdisposallocationsusingthisresourcefromtheU.S.DiversionControlDivision.

TheGAOalsorecommendedmailbackmethodsasanothersolutionformanagingunwantedprescriptiondrugs.Forexample,pre-paidmedicationenvelopescanbedistributedtopatientsandthendiscreetly⑧shippedtoanincineration⑨locationforproperdisposal.ManyofthesolutionsrecommendedinthestudyareservicesStericycleEnvironmentalSolutionsalreadyprovides;ouraward-winningconsumerdrugtakebacksolutionsincludesmedicationcollectionkiosksandSeal&Sendmedicationmailbackenvelopes.

Ifyourlocalpharmacy,hospitalorlawenforcementofficedoesn’thaveayear-rounddrugtakebackoptionavailable,markthenextTakeBackDay（Oct.26,2019）onyourcalendar.

C

Asscientificmeetingsarecancelledworldwide,researchersarerethinkinghowtheynetwork—amovethatshouldhavedoneearlier.“Atsomepoint,weneedtobehavingconversationsabout‘Whatisthepointofaconferencenow?

’”saysSarahHörst,aplanetary（行星）scientist.

Meetingspacesthatareinaccessible（难以达到的）tosomedisabledscientists,healthconsiderations,alackofaccesstochildcareandtravelrestrictionscanallendupalienating（疏远）potentialattendeesfromphysicalconferences.There’sa“largeappetite”foralternative（可替代的）conferenceset-ups,saysDivyaPersaud,aplanetaryscientist.SheandEleanorArmstrong,aUCLsociologistofspacescience,haveagrantfromtheiruniversitytoholdanexperimentalvirtualconference,calledSpaceScienceinContext,inMay.Theconferenceaimstoimproveaccessibility.Participantswillwatchrecordedtalksaheadoftimeandthenjoininonlineconversationsonthedayoftheconference.Persaudsaysthattheresponsetoplansforthemeeting,whichlauncheditssave-the-datewebsitelastweek,hasbeenoverwhelminglypositive.Butshealsopointsoutthatmanyoftheadjustmentsthatconferencesaremaking—suchasintroducingvirtualparticipation—areaccommodationsforwhichdisabledscientistshavebeendemandingloudlyforyears,andit’sashamethatittookaglobalhealthcrisistomakethemhappen.

Still,asconferenceorganizersarefindingout,makingthesechanges—especiallyonshortnotice—isnoeasything.TheEuropeanGeophysicalUnion（EGU）generalconferenceisscheduledfor3–8MayinVienna,andsessionleadersaremakingotherplansincaseitiscancelled.ThoseintendingtoparticipateintheLunarandPlanetaryScienceConferencethisweekinTheWoodlands,Texas,foundthattheyaretryingtocomeupwithalternativesolutionswhenthatconferencewascancelledon4March.“Mostoftheresponseswerejust‘Well,havetheconferenceonline,’”saysHörst.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapotentialattendee?

A.Scientistswithoutvisas.

B.Scientistswhoarenotfeelingwell.

C.Scientistswithphysicaldisabilities.

D.Scientistswhodon’tunderstandchildcare.

2.Whatisthepublic’sattitudetowardsonlineconference?

A.Uncertain.B.Supportive.

C.Disappointed.D.Dissatisfied.

3.WhydoesthesecondparagraphtakeSpaceScienceinContextasanexample?

A.Toshowthatmoderntechnologycanrealizeconferenceonline.

B.Toprovethatvirtualconferencescanmakemorepeopleinvolved.

C.Topraisetheconferenceorganizingabilityofthesetwoscientists.

D.Toemphasizethatthepreviousphysicalmeetingswereunsuccessful.

4.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

A.Inaguidebookfortourists.

B.Inaweeklystorymagazine.

C.Insciencechannelofawebsite.

D.Onthefrontpageofanewspaper.

D

TheNewDinnerandaMovie

Dinnerandamoviewasatwo-partaffair.Butincreasingly,thetwohavemergedinto①asingleexperience,allowingmoviegoerstogetfriesandabeerwhiletheywatchthelatestsuperheroblockbuster②.Full-servicetheatershavebecomeaFriday-nightpastimeasAmericanaswell,goingtothemovies.

Dine-incinemasarenotaltogethernew.Inthelate1980s,brothersMikeandBrianMcMenaminopenedoneinPortland,Ore.Adecadelater,inspiredbytheMcMenamins,TimandKarrieLeaguebeganpairingtrendybeerwithhitslikeTheCraftattheAlamoDrafthouseinAustin.Butinrecentyears,thetrendhasexpandedfromnichetomainstream.Therearenow29Alamolocationsnationwide,fromOmahatoElPaso.

Full-servicetheatersappealto③abroader,moreregionallydiversecustomerbase.AtMovieTaverninRoswell,Ga.,forinstance,youcanorderpopcornshrimpanda“JumboJar”margaritawhilewatchingJumanji:

WelcometotheJungle.AMC,thebiggestU.S.movie-theatercompany,launchedDine-In,wheremealscanbeorderedwiththepushofabutton.IPicTheatersofferssomethingakin④toafirst-classflyingexperience，minustheturbulence:

leatherrecliningchairsandamenudevelopedbyaJamesBeardAward-winningchef.

Theriseinfull-servicemoviegoingcoincideswith⑤decliningticketsalesacrosstheindustrymorebroadly.NorthAmericanmovieattendancein2017plungedto⑥whatappearstobea27-yearlow.Thedownwardtendencyisthecontinuationofa15-yeartrend.Betweentheglut⑦ofuninspiredrebootshittingtheaters,youngeraudienceschoosingtoconsumecontentontheirsmartphonesandthedramaticriseinthepopularityofstreaming,it’snowonder⑧thattheaterownersareseekingcreativewaystolurecustomersofftheircouches.It’sworking:

despitea2%declineinmovieattendanceoverfouryears,AMCDine-Inachieved4%growthinjusttwo.

Full-servicetheatersarenotwithouttheirdetractors⑨.Someprefertoeatpost-movieforachancetodiscusswhatthey’vejustwatched.Andotherswanttoeatbeforewatchingthemovies.Manypeoplefindthattheywillbehungryiftheydon’teatanythingbeforewatchingthemovies.Soit’sveryhardforeverypersontoenjoyit.

Butforthosewiththefunds,thefull-servicetheateroffersreasonenoughtoquitonlinemovies.

E

Howbigshouldabusinessteambe?

Itisanenormouslyimportantissueforcompanies.Teamsthataretoosmallmaylacktheskillsrequiredtogetthejobdone;teamsthataretoobigmaybeimpossibletoco-ordinate.

Startupsareoftenshortofstaff.Thefoundersmustplayahostofdifferentroles,fromobtainingfinancetoproductdevelopmentandmark