天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 十一 主旨大意标.docx

天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 十一 主旨大意标.docx

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天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十一主旨大意标

十一、主旨大意——标题归纳题

（2018·6月天津，C）

There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus：

food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint，cook，andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.

Foodproduction

Witha3Dprinter，acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience，butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant，allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed，ratherthanfarmtotable.

Sustainability（可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050，andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend，freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.

Nutrition

Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson，aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity，said，“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent，likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket，you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”

Challenges

Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting，theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently，mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste（糊状物）beforeaprintercanusethem，andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming，becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat，mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients，becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters，believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.

46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?

A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.

B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.

C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.

D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据Foodproduction下的第二句中的“...ittakesyearsofexperience，butaprintermakesiteasy.”可知，利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。

故答案为B。

47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.

B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.

D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）.”可知，3D打印机用的是可再生材料。

故D项正确。

48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood.

A.ismoreavailabletoconsumers

B.canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds

C.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets

D.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent，likevitamins.”可知，3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求。

故答案为B。

49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?

A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.

B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.

C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.

D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据Challenges下的“Ontopofthat，mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients...”可知，选项C正确。

50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.3DFoodPrinting：

DeliciousNewTechnology

B.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrinting

C.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProduction

D.3DFoodPrinting：

FromFarmtoTable

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

本文介绍了一种美味的新科技——3D食物打印，故A项适合作文章标题。

一、题型解读

记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体所涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。

设问形式常有：

（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

（2）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?

（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

（4）Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.

一个好的标题应具备三大特点：

概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。

二、解题技巧

1.“高度概括”定标题

（1）所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。

标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。

为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。

（2）一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。

2.文章标题三特点

（1）形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；

（2）短小精悍，精确性强；

（3）涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。

例如：

【真题感悟】中第50题，要求概括标题，文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。

所以用标题“3DFoodPrinting：

DeliciousNewTechnology”。

考生做此题时一定要注意选项的内容必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。

如B、C、D选项的内容在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。

A

（2018·天津十二区县二模）

TearsofreliefandshoutsofjoyrangoutattheSanJoseMineinnorthernChilewhen33minerswereliftedtofreedom，onebyone.Themen，rangingfrom19to63yearsold，havebeenburiedalivesinceacaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsedonAugust5,2010.Itisthelongesttimeanyonehaseversurvivedbeingtrappedunderground.

Afterthecollapse，themenfoundanemergencyshelteroffoneofthemine’stunnels.Thetemperatureinthedarkshelterwasaround90degreesFahrenheit.Formorethantwoweeks，theminers’watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles.Theysharedasupplyoffoodthatwasmeanttolastforonly48hours.

TheminersweretotallyisolateduntilrescueteamsmadecontactwiththemenonAugust22.Theysentanotetothesurfaceexplainingtheirsituation.Rescuersdrilledsmallholestoreachthecaveandsentdownsupplytubescontainingfood，water，clothes，medicine，freshairandothersupplies.Theyalsoreceivedlettersfromtheirfamilies，atelevisionsetandgames.

Additionalcollapsessloweddownrescueefforts.Finally，atunnelwasbuiltthatcouldfita13-footrescuecapsule（救生舱），calledthePheonix.Theescapeholemeasures28inchesacross，atightfitforthetwisting20minutes,2,041-footride.ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober,13.Therescuemissionwasfasterthanexpected，andall33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday.

TheminersweremetbyfamilymemberswhowerewaitingatCampHope，asettlementoftentsnearthemine.Chile’spresident，SebastianPinera，cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers.“Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup，andwekeptit，”hesaid.Afteranimmediatemedicalexam，themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation.

1.Howlongweretherescuedminerstrappedinthemine?

A.About48hours.

B.Abouttwoweeks.

C.Onemonthandahalf.

D.Morethantwomonths.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“acaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsed（倒塌）onAugust5,2010”和倒数第二段第四、五句“ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober,13...all33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday.”可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotherescuework?

A.Thewaterfromthetanks.

B.Smallholesdrilledtoreachthecave.

C.Atunnelbuilttofixarescuecapsule.

D.Letters，gamesandaTVsetfromthesurface.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“Formorethantwoweeks，theminers’watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。

故选A。

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.AllminersreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober13.

B.Thelossoftheminecollapse.

C.Thehealthconditionofthetrappedminers.

D.TheconcernofChile’spresidentabouttheminecollapse.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“Chile’spresident，SebastianPinera，cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers.‘Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup，andwekeptit，’hesaid.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。

故选D。

4.Accordingtothetext，therescuedminers.

A.receivedmedicalexaminationinahospitalatfirst

B.couldgohomeimmediatelytheygotoutofthemine

C.hadtostayinahospitalfortwodaysbeforegoinghome

D.feltrelievedtoseetheirfamilymemberstakengoodcareof

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段末句“Afteranimmediatemedicalexam，themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation.”可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。

故选C。

5.Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe.

A.DisasterattheMine

B.AMiracleattheMine

C.EffortsofGreatChileans

D.MiserableLifeofChileanMiners

答案　B

解析　标题归纳题。

本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个生命的奇迹。

B

（2018·和平区二模）

Sincethe1970s，scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface（界面）（BCI）technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.

Recently，tworesearchers，JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated（展示）asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson’sthoughts.

Inthelaboratory，Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.

“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnerveceils.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord（脊髓）tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles，”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”

Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp（头皮）andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.

Prof.Milan，theteamleader，saysscientistskeepimprovingtheco