范里安 微观经济学现代观点复习参考题.docx
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范里安 微观经济学现代观点复习参考题.docx
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范里安微观经济学现代观点复习参考题
1.Introduction,theresearchobjectofmicroeconomic
2.Themarketdemandandbudgetconstraint
3.Preferenceandutilityfunctionforarepresentativeconsumer
4.Theoptimalchoiceofaconsumerandtherelevantcomparativeanalysis
5.SlutskydecompositionandHicksdecomposition
6.Endowmentandtheintertemporalchoiceofaconsumer
7.Uncertaintyandtherelevantindicesthatmeasuresocialwelfare
8.Marketequilibrium
9.Technologyandtheframeworkofproducertheory
10.Costfunctionandtheindustry
11.Monopolyandpricediscrimination
12.Oligopoly:
CournotModelandBertrandModel
13.AnintroductiontoGametheory
14.Generalequilibriumtheory
15.Informationeconomics
Lecture1¡¡Introduction,theresearchobjectofmicroeconomic
1.Supposethattherewere25peoplewhohadareservationpriceof$500,andthe26thpersonhadareservationpriceof$200.Whatwouldthedemandcurvelike?
2.Intheaboveexample,whatwouldtheequilibriumpricebeiftherewere24apartmentstorent?
Whatiftherewere26apartmentstorent?
Whatiftherewere25apartmentstorent?
3.Inthetextweassumedthatthecondominiumpurchaserscamefromtheinner-ringpeople-peoplewhowerealreadyrentingapartments.Whatwouldhappentothepriceofinner-ringapartmentsifallofthecondominiumpurchaserswereouter-ringpeople-thepeoplewhowerenotcurrentlyrentingapartmentsintheinnerring?
4.Supposenowthatthecondominiumpurchaserswereallinner-ringpeople,butthateachcondominiumwasconstructedfromtwoapartments.Whatwouldhappentothepriceofapartments?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture2¡¡Themarketdemandandbudgetconstraint
1.Ifthepriceofgood1doublesandthepriceofgood2increasestriples,dosethebudgelinebecomeflatterorsteeper?
2.Whatisthedefinitionofanumerairegood?
3.Iftheincomeoftheconsumerincreasesandoneofthepricesdecreasesatthesametime,willtheconsumernecessarilybeatleastaswell-off?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture3¡¡Preferenceandutilityfunctionforarepresentativeconsumer
1.AcollegefootballcoachsaysthatgivenanytwolinemenAandB,healwayspreferstheonewhoisbiggerandfaster.Isthispreferencerelationtransitive?
Isitcomplete?
2.Cananindifferencecurveacrossitself?
Forexample,wouldfigure3.2depictasingleindifferencecurve?
3.Ifbothpepperoniandanchoviesarebads,willtheindifferencecurvehaveapositiveoranegativeslope?
4.Thinkofsomeothergoodsforwhichyourpreferencemightbeconcave?
5.Weclaimedinthetextthatifpreferenceweremonotonic,thenadiagonallinethroughtheoriginwouldintersecteachindifferencecurveexactlyonce.Canyouprovethisrigorously?
6.Canyouexplainwhytakingamonotonictransformationofautilitydoesn'tchangethemarginalrateofsubstitution?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture4¡¡Theoptimalchoiceofaconsumerandtherelevantcomparativeanalysis
1.Ifaconsumerhasautilityfunction¦Ì(x1,x2)=x1*(x2^4),whatfractionofherincomewillshespendongood2?
2.Iftwogoodsareperfectsubstitutes,whatisthedemandfunctionforgood2?
3.Forwhatkindofpreferenceswilltheconsumerbejustaswell-offfacingaquantitytaxasanincometax?
4.Ifthepreferencesareconcavewilltheconsumereverconsumerbothofthegoodstogether?
5.Areallhamburgersandbunscomplementsorsubstitutes?
6.Whatistheformoftheinversedemandfunctionforgood1inthecaseofperfectcomplements?
7.Trueoffalse?
Ifthedemandfunctionisx1=-p1,thentheinversedemandfunctionisx=-1/p1.
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture5¡¡SlutskydecompositionandHicksdecomposition
1.Supposeaconsumerhaspreferencesbetweentwogoodsthatareperfectsubstitutes.Canyouchangepricesinsuchawaythattheentiredemandresponseisduetotheincomeeffect?
2.Supposethatpreferencesareconcave.Isitstillthecasethatthesubstitutioneffectisnegative?
3.Inthecaseofthegasolinetax,whatwouldhappeniftherebatetotheconsumerswerebasedontheiroriginalconsumptionofgasoline,x,ratherthanontheirfinalconsumptionofgasoline,x'?
4.Inthiscasedescribedintheprecedingquestion,wouldthegovernmentbepayingoutmoreorlessthanitreceivedintaxrevenues?
5.Inthiscasewouldtheconsumersbebetterofforworseoffifthetaxwithrebatebasedonoriginalconsumptionwereineffect?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture6¡¡Endowmentandtheintertemporalchoiceofaconsumer
1.Thepricesare(p1,p2)=(2,3),andtheconsumeriscurrentlyconsuming(x1,x2)=(4,4).Thereisaperfectmarketforthetwogoodsinwhichtheycanbeboughtandsoldcostlessly.Willtheconsumernecessarilypreferconsumingthebundle(y1,y2)=(3,5)?
Willshenecessarilypreferhavingthebundle(y1,y2)?
2.TheU.S.currentlyimportsabouthalfofthepetroleumthatituses.Therestofitsneedsaremetbydomesticproduction.CouldthepriceofoilrisesomuchthattheU.S.wouldbemadebetteroff?
3.Supposethatbysomemiraclethenumberofhoursinthedayincreasedfrom24to30hours.Howwouldthisaffectthebudgetconstraint?
4.Ifleisureisaninferiorgood,whatcanyousayabouttheslopeofthelaborsupplycurve?
5.Wouldtheassumptionthatgoodsareperfectsubstitutesbevalidinastudyofintertemporalfoodpurchases?
6.Aconsumer,whoisinitiallyalender,remainsalenderevenafteradeclineininterestrates.Isthisconsumerbetterofforworseoffafterthechangeininterestrate?
iftheconsumerbecomesaborrowerafterthechangeishebetterofforworseoff?
7.Whatisthepresentvalueof$100oneyearfromnowiftheinterestrateis10%?
Whatisthepresentvalueiftheinterestrateis5%?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture7¡¡Uncertaintyandtherelevantindicesthatmeasuresocialwelfare
1.Howcanonereachtheconsumptionpointstotheleftoftheendowmentinfigure12.1?
2.Therisk-averseindividualisofferedachoicebetweenagamblethatpays$1000withaprobabilityof25%and$100withaprobabilityof75%,orapaymentof$325.Whichwouldhechoose?
3.Whatifthepaymentwas$320?
4.Drawautilityfunctionthatexhibitsrisk-lovingbehaviorforsmallgamblesandrisk-aversebehaviorforlargergambles?
5.Whymightaneighborhoodgrouphaveahardertimeselfinsuringforflooddamageversusfiredamage?
6.Agoodcanbeproducedinacompetitiveindustryatacostof$10perunit.Thereare100consumersareeachwillingtopay$12eachtoconsumeasingleunitofthegood(additionalunitshavenovaluetothem.)whatistheequilibriumpriceandquantitysold?
Thegovernmentimposesataxof$1onthegood.Whatisthedeadweightlossofthistax?
7.SupposethatthedemandcurveisgivenbyD(p)=10-p.Whatisthegrossbenefitfromconsuming6unitsofthegood?
8.Intheaboveexample,ifthepricechangesfrom4to6,whatisthechangeinconsumer'ssurplus?
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿
Lecture8¡¡Marketequilibrium
1.IfthemarketdemandcurveisD(p)=100-0.5p,whatistheinversedemandcurve?
2.IfD(p)=12-2p,whatpricewillmaximizerevenue?
3.SupposethatthedemandcurveforagoodisgivenbyD(p)=100/p.Whatpricewillmaximizerevenue?
4.Trueorfalse?
Inatwogoodmodelifonegoodisaninferiorgoodtheothergoodmustbealuxurygood.
5.Whatistheeffectofasubsidyinamarketwithahorizontalsupplycurve?
Withaverticalsupplycurve?
6.Supposethatthedemandcurveisverticalwhilethesupplycurveslopesupward.Ifataxisimposedinthismarket,whoendsuppayingit?
7.Considerthetaxtreatmentofborrowingandlendingdescribedinthetext.Howmuchrevenuedoesthistaxsystemraiseifborrowersandlendersareinthesametaxbracket?
8.Doessuchataxsystemraiseapositiveornegativeamountofrevenuewhentl ·µ»Ø¶¥²¿ Lecture9¡¡Technologyandtheframeworkofproducertheory 1.Considertheproductionfunctionf(x1,x2)=(x1*x2)^2.Dosethisexhibitconstant,increasing,ordecreasingreturnstoscale? 2.Considertheproductionfunctionf(x1,x2)=4*(x1^(1/2))*(x2^(1/3)).Dosethisexhibitconstant,increasing,ordecreasingreturntoscale? 3.Trueoffalse? Ifthelawofdiminishingmarginalproductdidnothold.Theworld'sfoodsupplycouldbegrowninaflowerpot. 4.Inaproductionprocessisitpossibletohavedecreasingmarginalproductinaninputandyetincreasingreturnstoscale? 5.Intheshortrun,ifthepriceofthefixedfactorisincreased,whatwillhappentoprofits? 6.Agardenerexclaims: ¡°foronly$1inseedsI'vegrownover$20inproduce.¡±Besidesthefactthatmostoftheproduceisintheformofzucchini,whatotherobservationswouldacynicaleconomistmakeaboutthissituation? 7.Ismaximizingafirm'sprofitsalwaysidenticaltomaximizingthefirm'sstockmarketvalue? 8.Aprofit-maximizingcompetitivefirmthatismakingpositiveprofitsinlong-runequilibrium(may/maynot)haveatechnologywithconstantreturnstoscale? ·µ»Ø¶¥²¿ Lecture10¡¡Costfunctionandtheindustry 1.Provethataprofit¨Cmaximizingfirmwillalwaysminimizecosts. 2.Supposethatacost-minimizingfirmusestwoinputsthatareperfectsubstitutes.Ifthetwoinputsarepricedthesame,whatdotheconditionalfactordemandslooklikefortheinputs? 3.Afirmproducesidenticaloutputsattwodifferentplants,ifthemarginalcostatthefirstplantexceedsthemarginalcostatthesecondplant,howcanthefirmreducecostsandmaintainthesamelevelofoutput? 4.Trueorfalse? Inthelongrunafirmalwaysoperatesattheminimumlevelofaveragecostsfortheoptimallysizedplanttoproduceagivenamountofoutput. 5.AfirmhasasupplyfunctiongivenbyS(p)=4p.Itsfixedcostsare100.Ifth
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