考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析.docx
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考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析.docx
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考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
Unit1
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
It’splaincommonsenseDthemorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.
Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.
Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.
PsychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeelingDhappinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.
WhyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironmentWhenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.
1.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat
[A]unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.
[B]happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.
[C]unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.
[D]happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.
2.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby
[A]maintainingitatanaveragelevel.
[B]escapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.
[C]pursuingitwithone’spainstakingeffort.
[D]realizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.
3.Thephrase“Todate”canbebestreplacedby
[A]Asaresult.[B]Inaddition.[C]Atpresent.[D]Untilnow.
4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessandunhappiness
[A]Onefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.
[B]Theyareindependentbutexistingconcurrently
[C]Onefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.
[D]Theyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.
5.Thesentence“That’sthat”(Par.5)probablymeans:
Somepeopleareborntobesad
[A]andthesituationcannotbealtered.
[B]andhappinessremainsinaccessible.
[C]buttheydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.
[D]buttheyremainunconsciousofit.
Text2
Thelegallimitfordrivingafterdrinkingalcoholis80milligramsofalcoholin100millilitresofblood,whentested.Butthereisnosurewayoftellinghowmuchyoucandrinkbeforeyoureachthislimit.Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.Somepeoplemightreachtheirlimitafteronlyaboutthreestandarddrinks.
Infact,yourdrivingabilitycanbeaffectedbyjustoneortwodrinks.Evenifyou’rebelowthelegallimit,youcouldstillbetakentocourtifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol.
Ittakesaboutanhourforthebodytogetridofthealcoholinonestandarddrink.So,ifyouhaveaheavydrinkingintheeveningyoumightfindthatyourdrivingabilityisstillaffectedthenextmorning,oryoucouldevenfindthatyou’restilloverthelegallimit.Inaddition,ifyou’vehadafewdrinksatlunchtime,anotheroneortwodrinksintheearlyeveningmaywellputyouoverthelegallimit.
Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmovableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!
Sotheonlywaytobesureyou’resafeisnottodrinkatall.
Alcoholisamajorcauseofroadtrafficaccidents.Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.Morethanhalfofthepeoplestoppedbythepolicetotakeabreathtesthaveabloodalcoholconcentrationofmorethantwicethelegallimit.
Itisimportanttorememberthatdrivingafteryou’vebeendrinkingdoesn’tjustaffectyou.Ifyou’reinvolvedinanaccidentitaffectsalotofotherpeopleaswell,notleastthepersonyoumightkillorinjure.
6.Theamountofalcoholadrivercandrinkwithinthelegallimitis
[A]about80mgofpurealcohol.
[B]aboutthreestandarddrinks.
[C]inproportiontohisweight.
[D]varyingwithdifferentpeople.
7.Youmightbeaccusedofdrunkdrivingwhen
[A]youdriveuponhavingsomedrinks.
[B]youbecomeahelplessalcoholaddict.
[C]yourdrivingisfoundabnormalfordrinking.
[D]youralcoholpercentagefailsthetest.
8.Atestshowedthatdrunkenprofessionaldriverscould
[A]havegreaterconfidencethansoberones.
[B]moveawayasetofpostsonthetestground.
[C]failinthetestdespitetheirself-affirmation.
[D]serveasalarmingexamplestopotentialdrivers.
9.Alcoholisthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidentsbecause
[A]morethan30%roadcasualtiesaredrinkdrivers.
[B]drinkingaffectspeople’smindandemotion.
[C]aboutone-thirddriversareusedtodrinking.
[D]youngdriversarefamiliaramongtrafficvictims.
10.Aboutdrinkdriving,theauthorwarnsyouofthefactthatyou
[A]maybetakentocourtbythepolice.
[B]areputtingyourselfindanger.
[C]mayhurtorkillanotherdriver.
[D]aresettingotherpeopleatrisk.
Text3
Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.
Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.
Analternativeforthemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.
Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition;everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnant(unchanging)societymayresult.
11.Themainpurposeofthetextisto
[A]interprettheessenceofgeneraleconomics.
[B]comparebarterandcash-exchangemarkets.
[C]outlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.
[D]argueforthesuperiorityofacertaineconomy.
12.Theword“real”in“realgoods”couldbestbereplacedby
[A]genuine.[B]concrete.[C]durable.[D]practical.
13.Accordingtothetext,abartereconomymayleadto
[A]unfairtransaction.[B]directconflicts.
[C]gradualdeflation.[D]tradingtroubles.
14.Inanadministeredsystem,businessactivitiesareunderthedirectionof
[A]majoreconomicorganizations.[B]generalpublicadvisorybody.
[C]largecommercialcompanies.[D]certainofficialdepartments.
15.Allofthefollowingarementionedasfactorsdeterminingone’splaceinatraditionalsocietyEXCEPT
[A]familybackground.[B]ageandeducation.
[C]religiousbeliefs.[D]establishedexperience.
Text4
It’spossiblethatwhileyouareatwork,youmaydreamaboutamonthofSundays,butyourbosswishesforaweekofTuesday.That’sbecauseshe/heprobablyknowsthatproductivityisoneofthemainfactorsbolstering(supporting)acompany’sgrowth.AndarecentpollshowsthatworkersaremostproductiveonTuesdays!
Accountemps,anemploymentagency,conductedanationalsurveyofofficemanagers,whichshowsthatbythemiddleoftheweek,theyseea
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