句子成分简单句带答案文档格式.docx
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句子成分简单句带答案文档格式.docx
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(三)谓语:
谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”,或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语通常由动词充当,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:
动词分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,助动词四类
其中,1.实义动词包括及物动词vt.(后要带宾语)和不及物动词vi.
2.连系动词包括:
系动词be;
感官动词look/sound/smell/feel/taste;
表示“保持,持续”keep,remain,stay,continue,表示变化:
go,get,grow,become,fall,turn;
表示“好像”:
seem,appear.
3.情态动词不能单独做谓语,常和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,haveto,shall/should,will/would,oughtto,dare,need,usedto.
如:
Imustgo.WemustworkveryhardatEnglish.HewilldrivetoBeijingtomorrow.
4.助动词不能单独做谓语,常和其他动词一起构成谓语。
如:
Idon’tlikereading.Doyoulikereading….
Hedoesn’tlikemusic.Doeshegetupearly?
Wedidn’tseehim.Didyougothere?
Sheiswritingaletternow.Ishesinging
Theyaredancingnow.Areyouwaitingforme?
Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Haveyouseenthefilm?
Shehadgonetherebeforeyouleft.Hadhesentyoutheemailbeforeyoutoldme
综上句子,助动词do/does/did帮助构成否定式和疑问句;
助动词is/am/are/was/were帮助构成进行时态和疑问句;
助动词have/has/had帮助构成完成时态和疑问句
另:
谓语有时态,语态,语气,人称的变化。
时态主动语态被动语态
1.一般现在时:
(1)be(am/is/are);
(2)动词原形/动词的三单形式+s/es,am/is/are+
2.一般过去时:
(1)be(was/were,)
(2)动词的过去式-ed)was/were+.
3.现在进行时:
(am\is\are+动词的现在分词doing)am/is/are+being+.
4.过去进行时:
was\were+动词的现在分词doing)was/were+being+.
5.一般将来时:
(1)am\is\aregoingto+动词原形)is/am/aregoingtobe+.
(2)will\shall+动词原形)will/shallbe+.
6.过去将来时:
(1)was\weregoingto+动词原形)was/weregoingtobe+
(2)would\should+动词原形)wouldbe+
7.现在完成时:
(has\have+动词的过去分词have/hasbeen+.
8.过去完成时:
(had+动词的过去分词hadbeen+.
9.含情态动词的句子:
(can\may\must…+动词原形)情态动词+be+
(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,go,get,grow,fall,turn,seem,appear,keep,remain,look/sound/smell/feel/sound,等)之后。
例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词vt.和介词后面。
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave
Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.Lendyourdictionarytome,please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词vt,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由以下词来充当。
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
单个词做定语放在被修饰词前面(前置定语);
短语做定语放在被修饰词后面(后置定语);
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.(数词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
Weshouldfollowtheteacher’sadvice.
(名词所有格)
HisprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
Don’twakeupthesleepingbaby.(现在分词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(现在分词/过去分词)
Themantogiveusthespeechisaprofessor.(动词不定式)
Themanupstairscamebacklate.Whoisthemanoverthere(副词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
HeisreadingannovelwhichiswrittenbyHanhan.(定语从句)
但:
形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing等时放在这些词之后。
Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.
(八)状语:
修饰动词v,形容词adj,副词adv,或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的有:
HespeaksEnglishbadlybutreadsitwell.(副词)
Naturallyhewonthegame.(副词)
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Atthetopwestoppedtolookattheview.(不定式短语---目的状语)
Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyoldfriend.(分词---时间状语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语—伴随状语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
状语按用途可分为以下10类:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix(时间状语)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
句子成分练习题
(一)
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,)
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'
shomeworkwithouttheteacher'
shelpisverydifficult.
(二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,)
①Idon'
tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'
tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
B.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'
tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'
tC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
A.isB.interestedC.inD.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.giveC.whomD.book
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,)
①Mybrotherhasn'
tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
⑩Theydidn'
tknowwho"
FatherChristmas"
reallyis.
(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,)
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,)
①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.
②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,)
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,)
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'
velostit,youmustpayforit.
⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,)
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④HereisaittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay
15.Tobehonest;
yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutyto
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