上海后滩Word格式文档下载.docx
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《JournalofLandscapeArchitectureinAsia》Oct-2008
Abstract:
Amongthediversecharacteristicsofwaterfrontregenerationofpost-industrialera,recreationalfunctionisoneofthemostimportantofthem.InthecaseofBailianJingRiverdistrictplanningimplementationprogram,ShanghaiExpo,theurbanwaterfrontplananddesignunderthedualchallengesof“post-industrialera”and“greaturbanevent”wasdiscussed.Theproblemsencounteredinupdatingtheindustrialremainswaterfront,forexample,therelationshipbetweenfloodcontrolandrecreation,historicalcontextextension,heatstrokepreventioninsummer,high-densityevacuationofvisitorsflow,theusageproblemsbetweenduringandafterExpo,thecoordinationbetweenpump,watergate,bridgeandenvironmentalproblems,shouldbesolvedinacomprehensivemanner.Thepurposeistoregeneratethepublicwaterfronttoharmonizewiththeurbanenvironments.
Keywords:
Post-industrialLandscape;
ShanghaiExpo;
BailianJingRiverDistrict(BJRD);
WaterfrontLandscape;
ProblemsandSolutions
1Introduction
1PrefaceIntroduction
Duetothetransformationofeconomicdevelopmentmodeandthetransportationmeansinthepost-industrialera,alargenumberofwaterfrontswhichusedtobepreoccupiedbyindustrialbasesandterminalportshavebeenundergradualdecline.Sincethe1960s,theWesterndeveloppeddevelopedcountriesbegantostepintothepost-industrialerawhichwascharacterizedbyknowledgeeconomy;
leisureactivitiesthencametoplayanremarkableroleinthestructureofpeople'
sdailylife.BoththerenewalandreconstructionofthewaterfrontsandContinuouscontinuedeffortsinthedevelopmentoftheleisure
falloweconomyinitiatedfromNorthAmericasincethebeginningoftheerahadclosetieswiththishistoricaltheenvironmentalcontext[1]atthattime.
ThebanksBothshoresofHuangpuRiverinShanghaiarethebirthplaceofChina’stheChinesemodernindustryandalsotheinitialandemergingareaoftheChinesenationalindustryChina’snationalindustry.AhostofindustrialarchitectureswitnessedthedevelopmentofShanghaiasModernChina’semergingindustrialcity.The2010ShanghaiWorldExpo,asthecomprehensiveExpowiththethemeofcity,willbethefirstcomprehensiveExpotobeheldindevelopingcountriesyfirstly.ThesiteoftheExpoislocatedinthedowntownurbanareabetweentheNanpuBridgeandtheLupuBridgeacrosstheHuangpuRiver.ThisgranteventofShanghaicanserveasaboosterforfurtherdevelopmentofthecityandwillalsoposeaprofoundimpactontheleap-forwarddevelopmentofurbanspace.ThebanksshoresoftheHuangpurivercallsforatransitoffunctionsfromtheindustrialeconomytoconsumereconomyinordertoattractpushpeoplebacktothewaterfrontarea,meanwhiletoextendthehistoricalandcherishedcontextofthisarea.Moreover,theobjectivehereistotransformthisareaintoacomprehensivewaterfrontgreenbeltintegratingdifferentfunctionssuchassight-seeing,leisure,tourismandeducation,therebypromotingingthedevelopmentofShanghaiwatertourismandachievingachievingtherejuvenationregenerationofthecity’surbanwaterfrontarea.(Figure1)
Fig.1:
MasterplanofShanghaiWorldExpoin2010andtheplanningscopeof
BJRD
2Multi-perspectiveobjectivesofBailianJingRiverDistrict
ThestructureofthegreenspacesystemofShanghaiExpoareaconsistsof“onecore,oneaxis,twobeltsandmultiplewedges”.ThewaterfrontgreenbeltiscomposedofBailianJingriversidegreenbelt,theWorldExpoParkandthebackBundPark.WiththeHuangpuRiverinthenorth,themereBailianJingRiverinsidetheExpoParkinthesouth,theExpoVillageintheeastandtheExpoParkinthewest,theBailianJingRiverDistrict(shortforBJRDinthelattercontent)coversanareaof23hectares(Figure2)andisfilledwithquantitiesoffactories,warehouses,wharves,docksandotherfacilities,whicharetypicalproductionsoftheindustrialage.
Fig.2:
Bird-viewlandscapefromdifferentanglesoftheplanningimplementationprojectsofBJRD
Inviewofthepost-industrialcontextandspecialcharacteristicsoftheExposite,theplanningoftheBJRDshouldfocusonitsgeographicalcharacteristicsandbeorientedtoecology,science,technologyandculture,thethreeofwhichshouldbetakenintoconsiderationinaharmoniousway.ThespecificfunctionoftheBJRDanditsfurtherapplicationaftertheExposhouldbeconsideredinacoordinatedway.Moreover,theimplementationoftheBJRDshouldbecarriedoutinharmonywiththesurroundingfacilitiessuchasbridge,pump-gateandrevetmenttocreateadynamicanddiversecomprehensivepublicwaterfrontspace(Figure3).
Fig.3:
MasterplanofBJRDandanalysischarts
3Siteproblemsandlandscapesolutions
Fromthetrendof
"
fearofwater"
intheindustrialeraoftothetrendof"
closetowater"
inpost-industrialera,fromdocksandterminalsinthepasttothedynamicwaterfrontpublicspacenowadays,allofwhichhaveshowntherelationshipbetweenhumanandnatureisharmoniousandunified,ratherthanconfrontationandconflicts.Onthebasisofrisingthelandscapeconcernofpost-industrialeraonecologicalenvironment,the
re-utilizationofindustrialwastesanddiversificationofleisurepatterns[2],theplanningofBJRDshouldfocusonsolvingseveralmajorsiteproblemsandachievingthetransformationofseveralconcepts,namely,therelationshipbetweenfloodcontrolandwater-enjoyablerecreation,historicalcontextextension,heatstroke-preventionandtemperature-coolinginsummer,high-densityvisitingflowsofevacuationandassembling,theusageproblemsbetweenduringandafterExpo,thecoordinationbetweenpump,water-gate,bridgeandenvironmentandsoon.
3.1Problemsandsolutionsonflood-controlandwater-enjoyablerecreation
Intheindustrialage,highembankments(mostlyinhardverticalway)arebuiltforfloodcontrolandthecitysafeguard.Thiskindofprotectionisnotonlycostlybutalsocanbringunsatisfactoryresultssinceitmaybreakthenaturalbalancebetweenthewaterandthegreenery,whichcouldnotsolvetheproblemcompletely.Since1990s,viewsontheregulationofrivertendedtochangeallovertheworld.Firstly,countrieslikeSwitzerland,GermanyandJapanputforwardtheconceptof“naturalbankrevetment”toreplacethetraditionalviewof“pavingbankrevetment”.Secondly,changestookplaceintheconceptoffloodcontrolfromadoptingmeasuresof“bendcut-off”inthepasttotoday’smeasuresof“pluggingcombinedwithdredging,flooddischargingalongwithsluicing”
[3].
SinceBailianJingwaterfrontgreenspaceinpost-industrialerashoulddealwithfloodcontrolandwaterrecreation,the"
GreeneryWave"
conceptareproposedfromthreedifferentperspectives.Firstly,themacro-perspectiveofthe"
City•GreenWave"
isundertheurbanopenspaceandstructureofgreenspace.Secondly,themid-perspectiveofthe"
HuangpuRiver•GreenWave"
isunderwaterfrontpublicspace.Lastly,themicro-perspectiveofthe"
Expo•GreenWave"
isunderthefunctionalstructureoftheExpopark.Theconcept"
wave"
impliestheongoingpowerandthetransferoffunctionlikewavesafterwaves.Throughthecreativeideaof“wave”,thegapbetweentoday'
sHuangpuRiverandthewholeShanghaicityisexpectedtobenolongerinsurmountable..
Inthespecificdesign,themethodofreusingoldfloodpreventionwallandsettingnaturalecologicalrevetmenttoconstructadiversifiedwaterspaceofdifferentlevelswillbeusedtoappealpeoplebacktothewaterfronttoenjoythechangeoftideandappreciatetheenhancingbeautyofthenature.
TherearetworiversflowinginBJRD,oneistheHuangpuRiverdesignatedwiththemillennium-floodcontrolcriterions,andtheotheriswould-beinnerriver---BailianJingRiver.Inlightofthedifferentrivertypes,theyshouldbedealtwithindifferentmeasures.
3.1.1BankrevetmentspacedesigninHuangpuRiver
AsthemotherriverofShanghai,theHuangpuRiverisamediumintensitytidalriverwithtwoebbsandflowseveryday.Theaveragehightidefortheriveris+3.14meter,withtheaveragelowtide+1.29meter.Groundelevation
alongtheriverisabout+4.20meter,withthehighestwaterlevelin10yearsupto+4.73m,in100yearsupto+5.18meterin1000yearsupto+5.70meter,andtheheightoffloorpreventionwallisdesignedtobe+6.70meter.
Neithertheone-layerflood-preventionwallsinPuxiBundnorthetwo-layerterracefloodembankmentinLuJiazuicanfundamentallysolvethewater-enjoyableproblem..SopeoplecanonlyfeelthewidthoftheHuangpuRiver,butcannotenjoythechangeoftide.Nevertheless,thewater-enjoyableproblemoftheHuangpuRiverisnotonlyavisualaesthetics,butalsoatechnicalone.
Thegreatestdifficultyforthewater-enjoyableproblemliesontheverticalL-ferroconcretefloodpreventionwallswhichstandalongtheHuangpuRiverwithaheightof+2.5meterandatotallengthof1.7km.Mostofthewallswerebuiltinthe1990swithahugeinvestment..
Thefirstproblemtobesolvedhereiswhethertheflood-preventionwallcanbereusedtocutdownthecostandembodytheprincipalof“thrift-advocatingworldexposition”.Throughstructuralstabilityexaminationandcalculation,theexistingflood-preventionwallcouldtotallysatisfytherequirements,whichindicatesthatthe
wallandthefundamentalstructurecanberemainedandthepartoftheoriginalwallwiththeheig
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