最新份大学英语六级考试真题含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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最新份大学英语六级考试真题含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
SupersizeSurprise
Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit'
salldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe"
bigtwo"
--reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood--arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.
Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.
1.Notenoughsleep
Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?
Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses'
HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanthosewhoslept7.
It'
swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses'
studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:
sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.
Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.
2.Climatecontrol
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat'
sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代谢)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe"
thermo-neutralzone"
whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.
Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境法度)havechangeinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13℃to18℃.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates--whereobesityratestendtobehighest--thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto70%from37%in1978.
Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?
Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes--atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotine(尼古本)isanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
Yourchancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally--soyourfatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder...
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:
Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.
IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.TheproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.Thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.
6.Maturemums
Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.IntheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.MeanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.
Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren'
tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute'
sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincreaseabout14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother'
sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.
MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;
by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;
in2004itwas17.4%.Thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.
7.Likemarryinglike
Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers--particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren--itamplifiestheincreasefromothercauses.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
[A]Effectsofobesityonpeople'
shealth.
[B]Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity.
[C]Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic.
[D]Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic.
2.IntheUSNurses'
HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight______.
[A]gainedtheleastweight
[B]wereinclinedtoeatless
[C]foundtheirvigorenhanced
[D]werelesssusceptibletoillness
3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat______.
[A]itmakesussleepy
[B]itcausessleeploss
[C]itincreasesourappetite
[D]itresultsfromlackofsleep
4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?
[A]Itmakesusstayindoorsmore.
[B]Itacceleratesourmetabolicrate.
[C]Itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic.
[D]Itcontributestoourweightgain.
5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?
[A]Itthreatenstheirhealth.
[B]Itheightenstheirspirits.
[C]Itsuppressestheirappetite.
[D]Itslowsdowntheirmetabolism.
6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFlegal'
sstudy?
[A]Heavysmokers.
[B]Passivesmokers.
[C]Thosewhoneversmoked.
[D]Thosewhoquitsmoking.
7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof______.
[A]thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople
[B]therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation
[C]theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods
[D]theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople
8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers'
childrentendtobeobeseremains______.
9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseof______.
10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis______.
PartⅢListeningComprehension
SectionA
Inthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichis
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