考研真题英语解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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考研真题英语解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.
5
he,however,mighttrembleatthe
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ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly
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thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin
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areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.
ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,
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12-15pointsabovethe
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valueof100,andhavecontributed
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totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe
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oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,
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.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,
14
havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen
15
tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof
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education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)
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ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately
18
.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas
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themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis
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stateofaffairs.
1.[A]selected
[B]prepared
[C]obliged
[D]pleased
2.[A]unique
[B]particular
[C]special
[D]rare
3.[A]of
[B]with
[C]in
[D]against
4.[A]subsequently
[B]presently
[C]previously
[D]lately
5.[A]Only
[B]So
[C]Even
[D]Hence
6.[A]thought
[B]sight
[C]cost
[D]risk
7.[A]advises
[B]suggests
[C]protests
[D]objects
8.[A]progress
[B]fact
[C]need
[D]question
9.[A]attaining
[B]scoring
[C]reaching
[D]calculating
10.
[A]normal
[B]common
[C]mean
[D]total
11.
[A]unconsciously
[B]disproportionately
[C]indefinitely
[D]unaccountably
12.
[A]missions
[B]fortunes
[C]interests
[D]careers
13.
[A]affirm
[B]witness
[C]observe
[D]approve
14.
[A]moreover
[B]therefore
[C]however
[D]meanwhile
15.
[A]givenup
[B]gotover
[C]carriedon
[D]putdown
16.
[A]assessing
[B]supervising
[C]administering[D]valuing
17.
[A]development[B]origin
[C]consequence
[D]instrument
18.
[A]linked
[B]integrated
[C]woven
[D]combined
19.
[A]limited
[B]subjected
[C]converted
[D]directed
20.
[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable
[D]continuous
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreasedopportunitiesforstress.It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,saysDr.Yehuda.Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,sheobserves,It’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.
Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.
AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,buthaddeterminedtofinishcollege.Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.
NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.
[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.
[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.
[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.
22.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen
[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.
[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.
[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.
[D]areexposedtomorestress.
23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe
[A]domesticandtemporary.
[B]irregularandviolent.
[C]durableandfrequent.
[D]trivialandrandom.
24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)showsthat
[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.
[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.
[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.
[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]StrainofStress:
NoWayOut?
[B]ResponsestoStress:
GenderDifference
[C]StressAnalysis:
WhatChemicalsSay
[D]GenderInequality:
WomenUnderStress
Text2
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthorsnamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.
Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.
Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.
Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;
threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.
26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses
[A]thebackgroundinf
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