生物专业英语词汇SZWord格式文档下载.docx
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生物专业英语词汇SZWord格式文档下载.docx
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e.g.,red-greencolorblindnessandHemophiliainhumans.Traitslocatedonthex-chromosome.性连锁,伴性(遗传)
8.Sexualreproduction
asystemofreproductioninwhichtwoHaploidsexcells(Gametes)fusetoproduceaDiploidzygote.
9.Short-dayplants
plantsthatflowerduringearlyspringorfallwhennightsarerelativelylonganddaysareshort;
e.g.,poinsettia一品红anddandelions.
10.Sicklecellanemiahumanautosomalrecessivediseasethatcausesproductionofabnormalredbloodcellsthatcollapse(orsickle)andcausecirculatoryproblems.
11.Sisterchromatids
Chromatidsjoinedbyacommoncentromereandcarryingidenticalgeneticinformation(unlessCrossing-overhasoccurred).
12.Skeletalmuscle
musclethatisgenerallyattachedtotheskeletonandcausesbodypartstomove;
consistsofMusclefibers.Voluntarymusclecellsthathaveastriatedappearance.Thesemusclescontrolskeletalmovementsandarenormallyunderconsciouscontrol.
13.Skeletalsystem
oneofelevenmajorbodyorgansystemsinanimals;
supportsthebody,protectsinternalorgans,and,withtheMuscularsystem,allowsmovementandlocomotion.
14.Smallintestine
acoiledtubeintheabdominalcavitythatisthemajorsiteofchemicalDigestionandabsorptionofnutrients;
composedoftheDuodenum,Jejunum,andIleum.
15.Smog
alocalalterationintheatmospherecausedbyhumanactivity;
mainlyanurbanproblemthatisoftenduetopollutantsproducedbyfuelcombustion.=smoke+fog
16.SomaticcellacellthatisnotorwillnotbecomeaGamete;
thecellsofthebody.体细胞
17.Species
oneormorepopulationsofinterbreedingorpotentiallyinterbreedingorganismsthatarereproductivelyisolatedinnaturefromallotherorganisms.Populationsofindividualscapableofinterbreedingandproducingviable,fertileoffspring.Theleastinclusivetaxonomiccategorycommonlyused.
18.Spermatogenesisthedevelopmentofspermcellsfromspermatocytestomaturesperm,includingMeiosis.
19.Spinalcord
acylinderofnervetissueextendingfromtheBrainstem;
脑干receivessensoryinformationandsendsoutputmotorsignals;
withthebrain,formstheCentralnervoussystem.Nervecellcollectionsextendingfromthebaseofthebraintojustbelowthelastribvertebrae.脊髓
20.Sporangia
thestructuresinwhichsporesareproduced(sing.:
sporangium).孢子囊
21.Spores
imperviousstructuresformedbysomecellsthatencapsulatethecellsandprotectthemfromtheenvironment;
HaploidcellsthatcansurviveunfavorableconditionsandgerminateintonewhaploidindividualsoractasGametesinFertilization.
22.Startcodon
thecodon(aug)onaMessengerRNAmoleculewhereproteinsynthesisbegins.起始密码子=initiationcodon
23.Stimulus
aphysicalorchemicalchangeintheenvironmentthatleadstoaresponsecontrolledbytheNervoussystem.
24.Stomach
themuscularorganbetweentheEsophagusandsmallintestinethatstores,mixes,anddigestsfoodandcontrolsthepassageoffoodintothesmallintestine.
25.Stomata
poresontheundersideofleavesthatcanbeopenedorclosedtocontrolgasexchangeandwaterloss.OpeningsintheEpidermis(usuallyoftheleaf)thatallowgasexchange.|
26.Stopcodon
thecodononaMessengerRNAmoleculewhereproteinsynthesisstops.
27.Stroma
thematrixsurroundingtheGranaintheinnermembraneofChloroplasts.Theareabetweenmembranes(thylakoids,grana)insidethechloroplast.
28.Subspecies
ataxonomicsubdivisionofaspecies;
apopulationofaparticularregiongeneticallydistinguishablefromothersuchpopulationsandcapableofinterbreedingwiththem.缩写ssp.=subsp.
29.Symbiosis
aninteractiveassociationbetweentwoormorespecieslivingtogether;
maybeparasitic,commensal,ormutualistic.Therelationshipbetweentwoorganisms.
t
1.Taproot
aprimaryrootthatgrowsverticallydownwardandgivesoffsmallLateralroots;
occursinDicots.Rootsysteminplantscharacterizedbyonerootlongerthantheotherroots.Example:
carrot.
2.Targetcellacellthataparticularhormoneeffectsbyitsdirectaction(eitherpassingthroughthemembraneorbindingtoasurface)
3.Taxonomy
asystematicmethodofclassifyingplantsandanimals.Classificationoforganismsbasedondegreesofsimilaritypurportedlyrepresentingevolutionary(phylogenetic)relatedness.
4.Telophase
thefinalstageofMitosisinwhichtheChromosomesmigratetooppositepoles,anewnuclearenvelopeforms,andthechromosomesuncoil.ThelastphaseofnucleardivisioninEukaryoteswhenthesegregatedchromosomesuncoilandbegintoreformnuclei.Thisisimmediatelyfollowed(inmostcases)byCytokinesis.
5.TemplatestrandthestrandofDNAthatistranscribedtomakeRNA.
6.Testcrossgeneticcrossingofanorganismwithknowngenotype(onethatexhibitstherecessivephenotype)withanindividualexpressingtheDominantphenotypebutofunknownheritage.
7.Thylakoids
thespecializedmembranestructuresinwhichphotosynthesistakesplace.Internalmembranesinthechloroplastwherethelightreactionchemicalsareembedded.CollectionsofthylakoidsformtheGrana.
8.ThymineoneofthepyrimidinebasesinDNA,thymineisreplacedbyuracilinRNA.
9.Tissues
groupsofsimilarcellsorganizedtocarryoutoneormorespecificfunctions.GroupsofcellsperformingafunctioninaMulticellularorganism.
10.Toxinstermappliedtopoisonsinlivingsystems.
11.Transcription
thesynthesisofRNAfromaDNAtemplate.ThemakingofRNAfromonestrandoftheDNAmolecule.
12.TransferRNA(tRNA)small,single-strandedRNAmoleculesthatbindtoaminoacidsanddeliverthemtothepropercodononMessengerRNA.Thetrucksofproteinsynthesisthatcarrythespecifiedaminoacidtotheribosome.Abbreviatedtrna.
13.Translation
thesynthesisofproteinonatemplateofMessengerRNA;
consistsofthreesteps:
Initiation,Elongation,andtermination.MakingofapolypeptidesequencebytranslatingtheGeneticcodeofanmrnamoleculeassociatedwitharibosome.
14.Transpiration
thelossofwatermoleculesfromtheleavesofaplant;
createsanosmoticgradient;
producingtensionthatpullswaterupwardfromtheroots.
15.Tuballigation
acontraceptiveprocedureinwomeninwhichtheoviductsarecut,preventingtheovafromreachingtheuterus(子宫)。
结扎
16.Tuberswollenundergroundsteminplantsthatstorefood,suchastheirishpotato.块茎
17.Tubulin
theproteinsubunitfromwhichMicrotubulesareassembled.
u
1.Unicellular
single-celled.
2.Unsaturatedfatatriglyceridewithdoublecoaventbondsbetweensomecarbonatoms.
3.UracilthepyrimidinethatreplacesthymineinRNAmoleculesandNucleotides.尿嘧啶
4.Urine
fluidcontainingvariouswastesthatisproducedinthekidneyandexcretedfromtheBladder(膀胱).
v
1.Vaccination
theprocessofprotectingagainstinfectiousdiseasebyintroducingintothebodyavaccinethatstimulatesaprimaryimmuneresponseandtheproductionofmemorycellsagainstthedisease-causingagent.种痘Vacca=cow
2.Vaccine
apreparationcontainingdeadorweakenedpathogensthatwheninjectedintothebodyelicits(引起)animmuneresponse.
3.Vacuoles
membrane-boundfluid-filledspacesinplantandanimalcellsthatremovewasteproductsandstoreingestedfood.
4.Vein
thin-walledvesselsthatcarrybloodtotheheart.UnitsoftheCirculatorysystemthatcarrybloodtotheheart.静脉,artery动脉
5.Vernalization
artificialexposureofseedsorseedlingstocoldtoenabletheplanttoflower.春化作用Vernal春天的
6.Vertebrate
anyanimalhavingasegmentedvertebralcolumn;
membersofthesubphylumvertebrata;
includereptiles,fishes,mammals,andBirds.
7.Virusinfectiouschemicalagentcomposedofanucleicacid(DNAorRNA)insideaproteincoat.
8.Vitamin
adiversegroupoforganicmoleculesthatarerequiredformetabolicreactionsandgenerallycannotbesynthesizedinthebody.
wxyz
1.WhitebloodcellcomponentofthebloodthatfunctionsintheImmunesystem.Alsoknownasaleukocyte.
2.X-chromosomeoneofthesexChromosomes.
3.X-raydiffractiontechniqueutilizedtostudyatomicstructureofcrystallinesubstancesbynotingthepatternsproducedbyx-raysshotthroughthecrystal.
4.Zygote
afertilizedegg.ADiploidcellresultingfromFertilizationofaneggbyaspermcell.
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