英语语法之虚拟语气.docx

英语语法之虚拟语气.docx

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英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气知识要点

一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

英语中有三种语气：

1.陈述语气：

表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。

2.祁使语气：

表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。

3.虚拟语气：

表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假设、推测等。

二、虚拟语气的构成

If条件句

主句

与将来的事实相反

1Should+动词原形

2wereto+动词原形

would/should/could/might+动词原形

与现在的事实相反

1动词过去式+…

2were+…

would/should/could/might+动词原形

与过去的事实相反

①had+过去分词

would/should/could/might+have+动词原形

例：

○与将来的事实相反：

1.IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldaskhimsomequestions.

2.Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

3.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.

○与现在的事实相反：

1.Ifitrainednow,Iwouldnotgoshopping.

2.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.

3.Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.

○与过去的事实相反：

1.IfIhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.

2.Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.

3.Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.

***请注意三种特殊情况：

○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。

如：

1.Shouldtherebenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

2.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.

3.Hadshenotbeenill,shemighthavecome.

○错综时间条件句。

即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。

1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.（从句指现在，主句指过去。

）

2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.（从句指过去，主句指现在。

）

○含蓄条件句。

即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。

1.Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.

2.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.

3.Iwassobusythen,otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.

4.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.

5.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.

三、were式虚拟

○It’s（about/high）timethat…+过去式

1.It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.

2.It’shightimeweweregoing.

3.It’shightimethatpeoplelearntEnglish.

○would/hadratherthat…+过去式

1.I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.

2.I’dratheryouwerehappy.

（***请注意：

有时wouldrather也会接过去完成时。

）

1.I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.

2.I’dratheryouhadbeenpresent.

○

asif

asthough

evenif

eventhough

+过去完成时

从句动作发生在过去

+一般过去时

从句动作发生在现在

如：

1.Youlooksasifyouhadseenaghost!

2.Hetalksasifhewereanexpertineconomics.

3.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

（***请注意：

asif/though后的从句若表示真实情况时，用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。

如：

Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.）

○虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中，其后的时态根据具体情况而定。

如：

1.Ifonlythedriverdidn’tdrivesofast!

2.IfonlyIwereabird.

3.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.

○wish之后的虚拟语气较为复杂。

wish

与现在的事实相反

①were+…

②could+动词原形

与过去的事实相反

①过去完成时

②could+现在完成时

与将来的事实相反

①would+动词原形

如：

1.IwishIwereyouagain.

2.IwishIcouldhelpyou.

3.Myfatherwishesthathehadgonetouniversity.

4.IwishIcouldhavebeentherelastyear.

5.Iwishthathewouldsettledownhere.

四、be式虚拟

○有些形容词之后的主语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

包括：

necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposal,decided,moved,incredible等。

如：

1.Itisnecessarythatwe（should）cleantheroomeveryday.

2.Itwillbedesired/suggested/decided/ordered/requestedthatshe（should）finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.

○有些名词之后的主语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

如，Itwasapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）thatyou（should）besocareless.

○有些动词之后的宾语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

包括：

advise,direct,agree,ask,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest,recommend,plan,arrange,command,require,think,expect,believe,suspect,urge等。

1.Shesuggestedwe（should）leavehereatonce.

2.Thedoctororderedshe（should）beoperated.

○有些名词之后的表语/同位语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

包括：

suggestion,proposal,plan,motion,recommendation,demand,order,desire,request,requirement,insistence,advice,decision,idea等。

如：

1.Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）gothereatonce.

2.Whatdoyouthinkoftheproposalthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?

○forfearthat,incase,lest等之后的状语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

如，Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatit（should）bedamaged.

***请注意：

当insist表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

如：

1.ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhim.

2.Heinsistedthathewashonest.

○I’msorry/surprised/disappointed+从句。

从句中的虚拟语气为“should+动词原形”。

如;

Iamsorrythatheshouldbeinsuchpoorhealth.

真题回顾（共24题）

2004年（2题）

6.youradviceyesterday,Iwouldhavemissedthetrain.

A.HadInottakenB.IfIdidn’ttake

C.IfIhaven’ttakenD.ProvidedIdidn’ttake

25.Itishightimethatyoutheproblemcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldointhefuture.

A.arestudiedB.muststudy

C.studiedD.study

2005年（2题）

12.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.

A.beputoffB.wasputoff

C.willbeputoffD.shouldputoff

25.Mr.Smithwouldjustratherwenow,butwemustgotowork.

A.notleaveB.didn’tleave

C.arenottoleaveD.won’tleave

2006年（5题）

23.I_____alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.

（含蓄条件句）

A.shouldarriveB.wouldbearriving

C.couldhavearrivedD.arrived

29.Iwouldratheryou_____tothepartywithher.

A.goB.went

C.willgoD.hasgone

33.It’shightimewe_____somethingtostoproadaccidents.

A.aredoingB.did

C.willdoD.do

35.It’snecessarythattheproblem_____insomewayorother.

A.issettledBhasbeensettled

C.besettledD.wassettled

40.Iwishyou_____herelastnight.Allofuswerewaitingforyourarrival.

A.cameB.hadcome

C.comeD.willcome

2007年（2题）

11.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthe

materialtoitsburningtemperature.

A.isheatedB.willbeheated

C.beheatedD.wouldbeheated

13.Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,hemorebooks.

A.canwriteB.couldhavewritten

C.couldwriteD.havewritten

2008年（2题）

8.It’shightimeaboutthetrafficproblem.

A.somethingwasdoneB.somethingisdone

C.anythingwillbedoneD.nothingtobedone

21.I’mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam.Youhaveworkedharder.（含蓄条件句）

A.shouldB.must

C.wouldD.ought

2009年（1题）

6.Theteacherinsistedthatweourhomeworkbefore9o’clock.

A.finishedB.hadfinished

C.finishD.wasfinishing

2010年（2题）

10.Ipassedthetest.Iitwithoutyourhelp.

（含蓄条件句）

A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassed

C.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed

20.Itisnecessarythathethetaskbytheendofnextweek.

A.fulfillB.willfulfill

C.willhavefulfilledD.fulfills

2011年（3题）

6.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.

（虚拟语气的倒装）

A.WouldsheleaveB.Ifsheleave

C.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft

14.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A.isassignedB.willbeassigned

C.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned

37.foryourhelp,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.

（虚拟语气的倒装）

A.Hadn’titbeenB.Haditnotbeen

C.IfithadbeenD.Ifitwere

2013年（5题）

11.Myadviceisthatshetoapologizetohim.

A.goB.went

C.goesD.hasgone

15.Ifittoomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupoftea.

（含蓄条件句）

A.isn’tB.weren’t

C.wasn’tD.hadn’tbeen

26.Youdidn’ttakehisadvice.hisadvice,

yousuchamistake.

A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn’thavemade

B.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake

C.Wereyoutotake;shouldn’thavemade

D.Haveyoutaken;won’thavemade

28.Heasksthatheanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe’srefusedtogothere.

A.isgivenB.mustgive

C.shouldgiveD.begiven

29.Iamsorrythatheinsuchpoorhealth.

A.areB.shallbe

C.wereD.shouldbe

补充练习

1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou.”

A.doB.did

C.hadD.would

2.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou.”

A.don’tB.hadn’t

C.couldn’tD.wouldn’t

3.“Isn’titabouttimeyoutodomorningexercises?

”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus?

”

A.beginB.havebegun

C.beganD.hadbegun

4.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayif

Iinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.

A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen

C.shouldfallD.weretofall

5.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.

A.hadscoredB.scored

C.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored

6.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.

A.liesB.lay

C.hadlainD.shouldlie

7.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnightforustolive.

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly

C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly

8.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.

A.hadsaidB.said

C.mightsayD.mighthavesaid

9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,Yousotired.

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

11.Butforthehelpyougaveme,Itheexaminations

A.wouldhavepassed.B.wouldpass

C.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass

12.ZhangLinwasaddictedtocompute