全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解Word文件下载.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解Word文件下载.docx

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bypurposelessness:

Withoutjobstogivetheirlives 

5 

peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed. 

6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor 

7 

Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting 

9 

poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany 

10 

theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

Butitdoesn’t 

11 

followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe 

12 

ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe 

13 

ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould 

14 

strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the 

15 

ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively 

16 

formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional 

17 

oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel 

18 

”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself 

19 

ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor 

20 

matters.

1．[A]boasting 

[B]denying 

[C]warning 

[D]ensuring

2．[A]inequality 

[B]instability 

[C]unreliability 

[D]uncertainty

3．[A]policy 

[B]guideline 

[C]resolution 

[D]prediction

4．[A]characterized 

[B]divided 

[C]balanced 

[D]measured

5．[A]wisdom 

[B]meaning 

[C]glory 

[D]freedom

6．[A]Instead 

[B]Indeed 

[C]Thus 

[D]Nevertheless

7．[A]rich 

[B]urban 

[C]working 

[D]educated

8．[A]explanation 

[B]requirement 

[C]compensation 

[D]substitute

9．[A]under 

[B]beyond 

[C]alongside 

[D]among

10．[A]leavebehind 

[B]makeup 

[C]worryabout 

[D]setaside

11．[A]statistically 

[B]occasionally 

[C]necessarily 

[D]economically

12．[A]chances 

[B]downsides 

[C]benefits 

[D]principles

13．[A]absence 

[B]height 

[C]face 

[D]course

14．[A]disturb 

[B]restore 

[C]exclude 

[D]yield

15．[A]model 

[B]practice 

[C]virtue 

[D]hardship

16．[A]tricky 

[B]lengthy 

[C]mysterious 

[D]scarce

17．[A]demands 

[B]standards 

[C]qualities 

[D]threats

18．[A]ignored 

[B]tired 

[C]confused 

[D]starved

19．[A]off 

[B]against 

[C]behind 

[D]into

20．[A]technological 

[B]professional 

[C]educational 

[D]interpersonal

SectionII 

ReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;

theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:

Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:

Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally”grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas 

.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity

[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties

[D]becomeanofficialfestival

21.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth[C]improvethecity’simage

[B]promotesportparticipation[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit 

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis 

[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic　

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.“

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe”stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;

Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:

“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildth