对英汉翻译障碍的探讨基于文化背景和思维方式视角Word文档格式.docx
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对英汉翻译障碍的探讨基于文化背景和思维方式视角Word文档格式.docx
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perspectivesofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyle………..……………….…2
2.1Fromtheperspectiveofculturalbackground…………………………………..….2
2.1.1Thetranslationofidioms…………………………………………………….3
2.1.2Thetranslationofenigmaticsayings………………………………………..4
2.1.3Thetranslationofallusions…………………………………………………6
2.2Fromtheperspectiveofthoughtstyle………………….………………….……....7
2.2.1Chineseemphasisonperceptionandintuition,andwesternemphasis
onreasoningandlogic……….……….………..…………………….......7
2.2.2Differentwaysofexpressiondeterminedbydifferentthoughtstyles…........8
2.2.3Chinesebeliefinintegrationandwesternbeliefinindividuality………........9
3.Solutions……………………………………..……………………………....…...….10
3.1Totheproblemscausedbydifferentculturalbackgrounds………………….……10
3.2Totheproblemsbroughtaboutbydifferentthoughtstyles………………….……12
4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………..……..…...12
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..….......14Summaryofwritingthisthesis…………………………………………………....…...15
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………….…….....…16
OnBarrierstoEnglish-ChineseTranslation
fromthePerspectivesof
CulturalBackgroundandThoughtStyle
Abstract:
Translationshouldbethereappearanceoftheoriginalwork.Inotherwords,theimage,theartisticeffect,andthemeaningoftheoriginalworksshouldallbesuccessfullydeliveredinthetranslatedversion.Butthereexistsomefactorsthatmakeitimpossibletoproduceexcellenttranslations.Amongthefactorsthataffecttranslation,differentculturalbackgroundsanddifferentthoughtstylesarethemostinfluentialones.Languageistheembodimentofculture,andindealingwiththetranslationofworks,whatisthemostimportantofallistodealwiththeelementofculture.Goodmanagementofculturesofdifferentnationsisoneofthekeypointsindoingtranslation.Idioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionsarethemostculturallyspecificexpressionsthatcausegreatdifficultiesfortranslators.Thoughtstyleisthefactorthataffectsthecompositionofasentence,aparagraph,oranarticle,andeventheunderstandingofthem.BecauseofChineseemphasisonperceptionandintuition,Chinesecharactersarepictographic;
andbecausewesternersarereasonableandlogical,objectivityisthemainpropertyofEnglishvocabulary.Todaythereisalmostnointegratedanalysisonthistopic.Someunsuccessfultranslationsresultingfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsanddifferentthoughtstylesareeasytobefoundintranslatedworkswhichishardfortargetreaderstounderstand.TheaimofthispaperistoanalyzetheelementsofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstylethataffectEnglish-Chinesetranslation,andthentoprovidesomegoodmethodstoovercomethesedifficulties.Throughanalyzingthesebarriers,itcanbeconcludedthat,toproducegoodtranslatedversions,awellawarenessofdifferentculturebackgrounds,agoodcommandofdifferentthoughtstyles,andanadoptionofpropertranslationmethodsareneeded.
KeyWords:
translation;
culturalbackground;
thoughtstyle;
translationmethod
摘要:
翻译应该是原著的重现,也就是原著的字面意思与其意象和艺术性的完美传达。
在影响翻译的因素中,文化背景的不同以及思维方式的不同影响最深。
语言是文化的载体,在做翻译时,最重要的就是处理文化的特征。
处理好各族文化的问题是做好翻译的关键之一。
在文化因素中,影响最大的是成语、歇后语以及典故。
它们最具有文化特色,给译者带来很大麻烦。
思维方式是影响写作句子、段落、文章的因素,也是影响对它们理解的因素。
因为中国人重感性与直觉,所以汉语词汇较形象;
而因为西方人重推理与逻辑,英语词汇的表意较具有客观性。
现在,在这方面几乎还没有综合性研究。
一些由文化背景或思维方式不同引起的失败翻译随处可见,它们让读者难以理解。
这篇论文旨在通过对文化因素以及思维方式影响英汉翻译的探讨,进而提出一些翻译方法,以解决这些问题。
通过对这两种因素的研究与分析,发现要做好翻译,我们就必须对不同文化深入了解,对不同文化背景下的思维方式精通掌握,而且还要适当选择翻译方法。
关键词:
翻译;
文化背景;
思维方式;
翻译方法
1.Introduction
Whenitcomestotranslating“giveabadnametothedogbeforehangingit”,manypeoplewilldoitinthisway,“杀死这只狗前先给这只狗一个坏名字”.ThetranslatedversionishardforanativeChinesetounderstandthoughit’sbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyright.Thefinalgoaloftranslationshouldbeasuccessfuldeliveryofthemeaningoftheoriginalversiontothetargetreaders,andovercometheobstaclesexistingbetweentwolanguages.Undoubtedly,theaboveChineseversionturnsouttobeafailurebecauseofthefailureinreachingthisgoal.Theproblemliesintheimproperchoiceoftranslationmethod.
Translationshouldbethereappearanceoftheoriginalversion.Inotherwords,theimageandtheartisticeffectoftheoriginalversionshouldallbesuccessfullydelivered,notjustthemeaningofthewordsineachsentence.Thelatter,foratranslator,isnotadifficulty,buttheformerpresentsrealdifficultiestothem.Therearemanyfactorsthataffectunderstandingandtranslation,andthemostinfluentialfactorsareculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyledifferences.Thispaperattemptstoanalyzethesetwofactors.
Thefirstisculturalbackgrounddifference.Languageisproducedanddevelopedinpacewiththeproductionandthedevelopmentofhumanculture,sotheseparationoflanguagefromcultureisboundtobeimpossible.Thedifferencesofthedevelopmentindifferentareasproducevariousidioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionswhicharebroadlyusedintheirlanguages.Onlyathoroughawarenessofdifferentculturalbackgroundsofbothlanguagescanwellservetoproducequalifiedtranslatedversions.
Thesecondisthoughtstyledifferenceexistingbetweeneasternersandwesterners,anddifferentwaysofexpressiondeterminedbytheabovedifference.“Easternersemphasizeperceptionandintuition,whilewesternersareratherreasonableandlogical;
ChinesepeoplestressideaswhileWesternersstressforms,whichwillaffecttheirrespectivewaysofexpression—hypotaxisofthelatterandtheparataxisoftheformer;
furthermore,Chinesepeoplebelieveinintegrationwhilethewesternersbelievethattheindividualisthemostimportant.”(陈宏薇,1998:
28)
Thesetwofactorsproducegreatdifferencesincomposingaparagraphorasentence,oreveninchoosingasubjecttodescribe,whichcausesgreatdifficultyfortranslatorstoproduceauthentictranslatedversion.Butfortunately,somanyexcellenttranslators,despitethedifficulties,whoappropriatelyandaccuratelyusepropermeans,whoarebroadlyanddeeplyawareofbotheasternandwesterncultures,andwhohaveathoroughunderstandingofdifferentthoughtstylesofthewesternersandtheeasterners,areproducinggreattranslatedversions.
2.ThespecificanalysisofbarrierstoEnglish-Chinesetranslationfromtheperspectivesofculturalbackgroundandthoughtstyle
2.1Fromtheperspectiveofculturalbackground
Culturehasalwaysbeenthefactorthataffectstranslationmost.Differentcountriesdeveloptheirspecificculturesintheprocessofhistory.Languageistheembodimentofculture,andindealingwiththetranslationoftheoriginalversion,whatismostimportantofallistodealwiththeelementofculture.Consequently,goodmanagementofcultureisoneofthekeypointsindoingtranslation.Andinculture,idioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusionsarethemostculturallyspecificexpressionsthatcausegreatdifficultiesfortranslators.Dealingwiththeseisdifficultbutnecessary.Ablindpursuitoftheintegrationofformandcontent,andtheword-for-wordtranslationoftheoriginalversion,arepossiblyawrongoradistorteddeliveryoftheimageandtheartisticeffectoftheoriginalversion.Furthermore,differentculturalbackgroundsmakelanguageuserschoosedifferentsubjectsindescribingthesamething.Awellhandlingofthedifferentchoicesofsubjectsindifferentlanguagesisindispensableforthetranslationofalanguagewithspecificculture.Theobjectivityofculturalbackgrounddiversitiesmakesitimpossibletogetridofit,butpossibletoovercomeitandtorightlydeliverthemeaning.Theaimofthispartistoanalyzethetranslationofthisquintessencefromtheperspectivesofidioms,enigmaticsayingsandallusions,andtodosomeattemptstoovercomethesedifficulties.
2.1.1Thetranslationofidioms
Anidiomis“aphraseorasentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwords,andwhichmustbelearntasawholeunit”(Hornby,2002:
734).Itisproduced,alwaysinahistoricalstory,inwhichsomeofthewordsorexpressionsaretakenouttobeused,spreadanddeliveredtoourmodernsociety.Thenidiomisboundtobeoneoftheproductsofhistoricalculture,andveryculturallyspecific,andtosomedegree,untranslatable.Thefollowingexamplesaimatfindingoutsomepropermethodstoovercomethedifficultiesinidiomtranslation.
a.守口如瓶
ABottleis“aglassorplasticcontainer,usuallywithanarrowneckusedforstoringliquids”(Hornby,2002:
154).Itisadoptedtoindicateagoodcharacterofkeepingpromise,nottellingotherpeoplethesecretuntildeath.Somepeopletranslateitinto“keepone’smouthasaflask”,whichisatypicalliteraltranslation.AsanativeChinese,ifgiventhemeaningsofafewwords,oneiseasytounderstandthetranslation,whileforanativeEnglish,ifnotgivenChineseculturalbackground,oneisimpossibletounderstandit.ForreadersofthetranslatedversionareEnglish-speakingpeopleinsteadofChinesepeople,theabovetranslationisafailure.ItisdifficultforpeopleinEnglish-speakingcountriestounderstandhowthe“flask”isusedtodescribeone’scharacterofkeepingpromise,sothetranslatedversionfailedtodelivertheconnotationoftheoriginalversion.Insteadofusingflask,theyuse“oyster”todescribethischaracter,th
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- 英汉翻译 障碍 探讨 基于 文化背景 思维 方式 视角