定语从句讲课.docx
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定语从句讲课.docx
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定语从句讲课
(四)As与which是有区别的
A)相同之处:
都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的主句所表达的内容。
which可做宾语或主语
He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实, 这一点我们看得出来。
B) 区别:
1)as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
例如:
As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知, 约翰是个著名作家。
。
2.) as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义,which没有。
后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。
如:
asisoftenthecase,asisknowntoall,asisexplained.asyousay.asIexpect
表众所周知的句型:
Asisknowntoall,主谓
Itisknowntoallthat
_______isknowntoallisthat
Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.
Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.
Asisknowntoall, Taiwan ispartof China.
3) 当先行词受such, so,the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。
如:
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
。
Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.
Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.
Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.
Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.
注意:
1.当先行词受the same 修饰时,偶尔也用 that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如:
ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。
ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.着就是我丢的那一只手表
2.So…as与so…that区别
Thisissogoodabook_____Ilikeit.
Thisissogoodabook_____Ilike.
6)as引导从句时,从句语义必须和主句一致
Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected
Shewasmarriedagain,aswasexpected7
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信
(五) 以the way为先行词在定语从句中作状语时通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
作主语,宾语时,用that或which如:
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
Theway_______heexplainedthesentencewassimple.
Theway_______heexplainedtouswassimple.
(六)关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。
试比较:
A. I know a place _____ we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place______is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B. I will never forget the days_____ we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days______ we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C. This is the reason_____ he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason________ he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
(七)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
、定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容。
例如:
Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.(定语从句)
Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.(同位语从句)
另:
在“havenoidea+从句”结构中,其从句都作idea的同位语。
例如:
Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
(八)、定语从句与强调结构
Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.
Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.
第一个句子为定语从句,where指代theplace,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调intheplace,that没有意义,把放回后面句子,句子意思完整。
Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?
(强调句型,强调疑问副词where.)
Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?
(定语从句,that指代thewatch.)
(九)、定语从句中的先行词
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例1变为肯定句:
Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.
例2变为肯定句:
Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用,只有theone既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因inthemuseum词组,可用介词in+which引导地点状语。
而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。
(十)关系代词做主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。
Iwanttoseethefilmthatisonshow.
Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.
(十一)oneofthe…与the(only)oneofthe…做先行词时谓语不一致。
“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。
如:
1)Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.
2)Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.
3)SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.
4)Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthe1980’s
如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是one而不是那个复数名词。
如:
1)HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone)
HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)
2)Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)
Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)
(十二)学生容易出现的问题。
1. 在定语从句中多加了宾语,如:
SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.
SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.
Isthisthehorseyoudrewityesterday?
Isthisthehorseyoudrewyesterday?
3. 省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词。
Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.
Childrenwhoeatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.
Thekeyopenstheroomismissing.
Thekeywhich/thatopenstheroomismissing.
4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或者是介词。
Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.
Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.
Thehousewhich/thathelivesinneedsrepairing.
Thisisthetimeatwhenhe’smorelikelytobein.
Thisisthetimewhenhe’smorelikelytobein.
Thisisthetimeatwhichhe’smorelikelytobein.
(十五)代有插入语的定语从句who与whom的选用。
担主语成分时用who,担宾格成分时用whom
方法:
要区分是定语从句中的插入语还是主谓结构。
Jasonisamanwho(Ibelieved)ishonest.(去掉仍成立)
JasonisamanwhomIbelievetobehonest.
特殊结构定语从句点击
1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice________peopleexpected.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
2.I'veneverheardsointerestingastory________youtoldme.
A.asB.thatC.ofwhichD.aboutwhich
3.I'veseenthesamefilm________yousawyesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.like
4.I'llbuythesamecoat________youwear.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.like
5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkis
B.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkit
D.Ithinkis
6.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
7.Thisisthefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.
A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which
8.Idon'tlike________youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.theywayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
答案与简析:
1.B。
当先行词被such修饰时,定语从句用as引导,即构成结构为"such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+as"引导的定语从句,意为"......像......一样的"。
整个句子意为:
这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。
2.A。
由sointerestingastory=suchaninterestingstory和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。
as在定语从句中作宾语。
整句意为:
我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。
3.A
4.C。
当先行词被same修饰时,定语从句由that或as引导,但意思不同。
用that引导定语从句指同一物,而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。
5.A。
做此题的关键是要知道Ithink在定语从句中作插入语,做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。
6.B。
As在此引导非限制性定语从句,代表它所修饰的整个句子内容,并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。
其常见结构如:
asyouknow,asissaidabove,asisoftenthecase(情况经常是这样)等。
如选A,则需将逗号改为that;如选D,则需将逗号改为isthat。
7.A。
当先行词为thefirsttime,thelasttime等时,定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。
8.A。
当先行词为way时,定语从句的引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。
定语从句
1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat
历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选
26.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.
A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose
27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
28.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom
定语从句答案:
1-5DCADA6-10BCBCD11-15DBDBC16-20ABDCA21-25DABBA
KEYS:
26-30DBDBB 31-35DBCAB 36-40ABBCA 41-42BA
考点一定语从句
1.(2013课标Ⅰ,33)“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,” .
A.asthesayinggoesoldB.goesastheoldsaying
C.astheoldsayinggoesD.goesasoldthesaying
2.(2013课标Ⅱ,4)WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse____ Iwouldbest
aying.
A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
3.(2013北京,27)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks ______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.
A.whenB.whi
chC.whoseD.where
4.(2013天津,6
)Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite, _____isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
5.(2013重庆,24)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof ______arefamilymembers.
A.the
mB.thatC.whichD.whom
6.(2013山东,31)Thereisnosimpleanswer, isoftenthecaseinscience.
A.asB
.thatC.whenD.where
7.(2013山东,35)Finallyhereachedalonelyisland wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
8.(2013浙江,5)Thechildren, hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.
A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom
9.(2013浙江,13)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.
A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why
10.(2013江苏,32)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina, heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
11.(2013安徽,29)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012, madeon
eoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.
A.itB.thatC.whatD.which
12.(2013湖南,21)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose ____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
13.(2013四川,9)Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment theylive.
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where
14.(2013江西,33)Hewrotealetter heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how
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