基于PIC 单片机的通用胎压监测系统的设计外文翻译.docx
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基于PIC 单片机的通用胎压监测系统的设计外文翻译.docx
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基于PIC单片机的通用胎压监测系统的设计外文翻译
原文:
DesignofUniversalTPMSBasedonPICMCU
1Introduction
Withthehighspeedofroadnetworkboomingrise,Trafficisdeveloped,Vehiclespeedincreasing,traffichazardspreventionproblemsimminent,ifbecauseofthetireair-leaksandexplosionetccausetrafficaccident,manyarebytyresworktohightemperatureorunreasonabletirepressurecause.Researchcartirestirepressuremonitoringsystemofmodernautomobiledriving,whentheeconomy,safetyandmanipulationstabilityisparticularlyimportantpracticalsignificance.
HardwareconstitutionandsoftwaredesignmethodoftheuniversalTPMSareintroducedbasedonPICMCU.TheDesignprojectsoftheremotemonitoringmodulebasedoninfineonSPI2sensor,MicrochiprfPIC12F675FwithASK/FSKtransmitterandthecentralreceivermodulebasedonMicrochipPIC16F877Aaredescribed,andhardwarecircuitryandrelatedprogramsflowcharts,communicationprotocolsandalgorithmsaregiven1Thesystemcanmeasurethetire'sinteriortemperature,instantaneouspressure,voltageandaccelerationatanytime,indicatetheblooeytiresandalarmthedrivertoavoidthedanger.It'sofgreatimportanceforthepopularizationandoptimizationoftheTPMSinourcountry.
Asauthoritativeresearchindicates,thekeytoPreventatireblow-outismaintainingstandardtirePressureanddetectingtirefaultbeforehand.Thus,tirePressuremonitoringbecomesmeaningfulandimportant.
TPMS(TirePressureMonitoringSystem),Mainlyusedinautomobiledrivingreal-timemonitoringoftyrepressureautomatically.Currentlydevelopedcountriesofthetirepressureearly-warningsystemmainlydividedintotwotypes:
oneisJiaJieShi,itthroughcarABS(antiholdingbrakesystem)ofthewheelsensorandtyremechanicalmodel,indirectlycalculatedfortyrepressure,inordertoachievethepurpose;monitortyrepressureAnotherkindisdirecttype,itUSESinstalledineachofthetireswithlithiumionbatteryforpowersupplypressuresensortodirectmeasurementoftyrepressure,andthroughwirelessmodulationlaunchtoinstallinsearchofmonitor,andmonitoratanytimedisplayvarioustyrepressure,driverscanintuitiveyunderstandingeachtirepressurecondition,whenthetyrepressureistooloworhaveleakage,thesystemwillautomaticallyalarm,ensuresafety.
TPMSasanewtypeautomobileactivesafetydevicehasbeendevelopingrapidlyinrecentyearsworldwide.Sinceitcouldmonitortirepressureandtemperatureinrealtimeandalertthedriverintime,mosttrafficaccidentscausedbyflattirecouldbeavoidedtoensuresafedriving.ThedevelopmentoftirepressuremonitoringsystemsisreviewedincludingwheelspeedbasedTPMS,pressure-sensorbasedTPMSandthecominggenerationsocallednon-batterypassiveTPMS.ThecomponentsandworkingmechanismoftirepressuremonitoringsystemareintroducedandtheirmeritsanddefectsanalyzedandcomparedwiththeemphasisonthreedominantdirectTPMSsystems,whicharesignificantinitsresearchanddevelopment.Theprospectoffuturedevelopmenttrendislookedahead.Thenon-batteryTPMSisexpectedtoreplacethecurrentoneandbecomethedominant.
Wirelesssignaltransmissionstabilityreliabilityinsufficiency,thebatterylifeproblem,sensorlifeanddurabilityproblem,isthepresentTPMSproductsinthecommonproblem.Thissysteminadditiontothesensor,alluseMicrochipcompanytransceiverchipandmicrocontrolprocessor,lowenergyconsumption,goodcompatibilityandhighreliability.AndutilizeFSKmodulatormode,one-waycommunicationmode,improvingthesystemofsignaltransmissionofanti-interferenceability.CombinedwiththesystemUSEStheSP12sensorandmonitoringmodulemicroprocessorrfPIC12F675Fcharacteristics,adoptLFlow-frequencysenseitechnology,time-sharingsendandreceivedifferentmonitoringmodulerfsignals,thussolvingsignalcollisioninterferenceproblems,andfurtherenergysavingsystem.
2SystemRequirements
Causeaflattireandblowoutreasonsareasfollows:
tyretemperatureisexorbitant,
thetyrepressuretoobig,
tyresusedforalongtime,
tireoverload,
automobiledrivingtoofast.
Forthatcartobeinasafedrivingcondition,driversmustindrivingprocessreal-timeunderstandtyreoverpressure,voltage,temperature,etc.Workofthestate,thesystemhasthefollowingfunctions:
real-timemonitortirepressure,temperatureconditions,
whenatireover-voltage,overheating,automaticsoundandlightalarm,
whenatyreinundervoltagecondition,correspondingtheadvantagesindicatoremitlight.
3HardwareDesign
ThesystemwasdividedintotwoPartsfunctionally:
tirePressuremeasuringblockandcentralmonitoringblock.
Thehaudwarecompositionwasintroducedrespectively;hardwarecircuitsofeachblockwerealsopresentedinthispaper.Performanceandfunctionofmainchipswereintroducedindetail,suchasthesensorSP12,rfPIC12F675(MCUwithembeddedUHFtranslmiter),receiverrfRXD0420,PIC16F877,andsomeotherimportantcomponentslikeLCM(withaT6963Ccontrollerembeded)andete.
Toenhancetheanti-interferenceperformanceandrealizelowpower
Consumptionmanagement,anactiveLowFrequency(LF)wake-uptechnologywasadopted.
Asforsoftwaredesign,adynamictimecyclemeasuringandtransmittingmethodwasproposed,andcorrespondingsoftwarearithmeticweregiven,CombiningLFwake-uptechnologywithlowpowermanagementthought.Takingintoconsiderationsevereelectromagneticinterferenceenvironmentofcars,aCRC(CyelicRedundancyCheek)arithmeticwasaddedintothecommunicationprotocolframes,compositivesoftwarefilteringmethodswerealsousedtoenhancetheReliabilityandpresideofthesystem.
Thissystemconsistsof5modules,asshowninfigure1shows,4fortyrewithinthesurveillancemodules,ausedcar,receivingmodules.Monitoringmoduleincludessensorandlaunchmodule.Thesensortomeasurethepressureandtemperaturesignalsareconvertedtoelectricsignalsthroughwirelesstransmittingdeviceswillsignallaunched.Thepressureofthetemperaturesensorlaunchedbythereceivingmodulecanreceiveandprocessinformation,afterdrivingonthedisplayshowsthatinthecourseofdrivingreal-timemonitor.ShowingthewaysuchasLED,LCDorvoiceprompt,etc.Canbeinaccordancewiththeactual
requirementstodesign.Thetyresmonitoringmodulebycentralmainframecontrolmodulelow-frequencyLFsignalcontrol,settleintoworkpatternsintervaltime-sharing,resttimedormant.
3.1Hardwaredesignofthemastercontrolmodule
Cartiresuniqueworkingenvironmentconditionsdeterminesthetirepressurereal-timemonitoringofthehighpressuresensorobjectives:
widetemperaturearea,widevoltagerangeofhighaccuracyandreliability,Lowpowerrequirements;Badenvironmentwirelesssignaltransmissionstabilityrequirement.ThissystemUSESInfineon(Infineon)companySP12tyrepressuretemperatureaccelerationspecialdetectionsensor.
Becauseelectricitysavingandsupersmall-scaledemand,soadoptedSP12sensor.SP12isakindofpiezoelectricresistorsensor,besidescanmeasurepressureandtemperaturebesides,stillintegratedaddspeedsensorandvoltagepreachimplement,pressuremeasurementrange100~450kPa,temperaturemeasurementrangefor-40~+125.Theaveragepowerconsumptionforstandbymodeonly13muonA.HastheSPIserialcommunicationmouth,moreconvenientandcontrollercanbecomposedSCMsystem.
RfPIC12F675FMicrochipcompanyislaunchedmonolithicintegratedembeddedrfwirelessdatatransmitters8-bitCMOSmicrocontroller.1024x14programmableanEPROM,64x8bytesdatastorage,128x8bytesEEPROMdatastorage,16specialfunctionofhardwareregisters,Thewatchdogtimer,lowpowerconsumption,sleeppatterns,sixgeneralI/Ofunctions;Workingvoltage,lowpowerconsumption55V25~sleeppatternsfor500muAcurrent.EmbeddedUHFadd/FSKemitter,rffrequencyrangefor230~930MHz,adjustableoutputpower+6~-15dBm,adddataemissionrate0~40Kbps,FSKdatalaunchrate0~20Kbps;PLLphase-lockedVCO,integratedoscillators,andthatthecircuitonlyafewexternalcomponents.ComplywithUSandEuropeanEN300220'ts15231FCCrules.
Thetyresmonitoringmodulecircuitstructureasfigureshows,bymicrocontrollerrfPIC12F675F,pressureandtemperatureaccelerationsensorSP12,antennanetworkandLFlow-frequencyawakeningofcircuitcomposedoffour.Peripheralcomponentsandsimplecircuit,andhighreliability.UsingtheSPIserialdatainterfaceSP12SDO,SCLKandSDIrespectivelywithmicro-controllerrfPIC12F675FonGP4,GP1andGP2connection,becauserfPIC12F675FwithouthardwareSPIfunction,butitiseasierforsoftwaresimulationandSP12betweenserialcommunication.Thebuilt-inlaunchchipscontaintransmitpoweramplifierPA,thecrystaloscillator,phase-lockedVCOisPLL,VCOandpatternlogiccontrolblockscircuits,etc.Thisapplicationsystembyworkingfrequencyfor433MHz,XTALpinsandFSKOUTpinsbetweenjoinexternalcrystaloscillatorclampsitsX1capacitorC1,C2,realizeFSKmodulation.WhenDATAFSK=1,FSKOUTforhighimpedancecondition,transmitfrequencyfMAX;for,WhenDATAFSK=0,FSKOUTandVSSRFgrounding,capacitanceC1,C2inparallel,thetransmitfrequencyforfMIN.Thissystemtransmissionpowerfor+2dB,standbycurrentconsumptiononly10muA.Duringliftoff,VCOoutputsignalisdirectlyintotheVCOoutputtoPA,thefrequencyofcrystaloscillatorfrequency32times,takinglanduse-datAFSKtheinputofdigitalsignal(GP0forsignalinputcontrolterminals,andtakinglanduse-datAFSKconnected)wasFSKafterpoweramplifieroutput,PAtodirectdriveantenna.
Thelow-frequencysenseimodulebyLandCformaparallelLCresonantcircuitusedtorec
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