职业健康安全管理体系和安全文化英文翻译.docx
- 文档编号:2286605
- 上传时间:2022-10-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:29.91KB
职业健康安全管理体系和安全文化英文翻译.docx
《职业健康安全管理体系和安全文化英文翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《职业健康安全管理体系和安全文化英文翻译.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
职业健康安全管理体系和安全文化英文翻译
OHSMSandSafetyCulture
Whatisanoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementsystem(OHSMS)?
OnedifficultlyinevaluatingtheeffectivenessofOHSMSliesinthedifferentmeaningsgiventotheteam.Findingagreementuponcriteriaforeffectiveness,ormethodsofmeasure-mentandevaluationisespeciallyhardwherebasicdisagreementexistsuponwhatanOHSMS.
1、TheGeneralCharacteristicsOfanOHSMS
AllOHSMSowesomethingtothelegacyofgeneralsystemtheory.SystemstheorysuggeststhatthereshouldbefourgeneralrequirementsforanOHSMS,althoughhowthererequirementsaremetinpracticeallowsforconsiderablediversity.Thefourgeneralrequirementsareasfollows.
1)Systemobjectives.
2)Specificationofsystemelementsandtheirinter-relationship;notallsystemsneedhavethesameelements.
3)DeterminingtherelationshipoftheOHSMStoothersystems(includingthegeneralmanagementsystem,andtheregulatorysystem,butalsotechnologyandworkorganization).
4)Requirementsforsystemmaintenance(whichmaybeinternal,linkedtoareviewphase,orexternal,linkedforexampletoindustrypoliciesthatsupportOHSbestpractice;systemmaintenancemayvarybetweensystems).
SeveralAustralianauthoritiesuponOHSMShavegivendefinitionsbroadlyconsistentwiththesegeneralsystemrequirements.ThusBottomleynoteswhatmakesanOHSMSasystem“isthedeliberatelinkingandsequencingofprocessestoachievespecificobjectivesandtocreatearepeatableandidentifiablewayofmanagingOHS.Correctiveactions…(arealso)centraltoasystematicapproach.”
WarwickPearsealsoemphasisessystemiclinkages,defininganOHSMSas“distinctelementswhichcoverthekeyrangeofactivitiesrequiredtomanageoccupationalhealthandsafety.Theseareinter-linked,andthewholethingisdrivenbyfeedbackloops.”
Similarly,GallagherdefinesanOHSMSas“…acombinationoftheplanningandreview,themanagementorganizationarrangements,theconsultativearrangements,andthespecificprogramelementsthatworktogetherinanintegratedwaytoimprovehealthandsafetyperformance.”
2、VoluntaryOrMandatoryImplementationMethods
OnewaythatOHSMSdifferarisesfromthevariousmethodsofimplementation.FrickandWrendistinguishthreetypes—voluntary,mandatoryandhybird.VoluntarysystemsexistwhereenterprisesadoptOHSMSontheirowevolition.Oftenthisistoimplementstrategicobjectivesrelatingtoemployeewelfareorgoodcorporatecitizenship,althoughtheremaybeothermotivessuchasreducinginsurancecosts.Incontrast,mandatorysystemshaveevolvedinanumberofEuropeancountrieswherelegislationrequiresadoptionofariskassessmentsystem.Quasimandatorymethodsmayalsoexistwhereexternalcommercialpressurestaketheplaceoflegislativerequirements.ThusmanybusinessesadoptOHSMStocomplywiththerequirementsofcustomersandsuppliers,principalcontractorsandothercommercialbodies.Hybridmethodsaresaidtoentailamixtureofvoluntarymotivesandlegislativerequirements.
3.ManagementSystemsorSystematicManagement
FollowingfromtheirdistinctionbetweenvoluntaryandmandatoryOHSMS,FrickandWrenalsoseparateoccupationalhealthandsafety“managementsystems”,andthe“managementsystems”ofoccupationalhealthandsafety.Specifically,theformerhavebeencharacterizedas:
market-based,promotedtypicallybyconsultingfirms,andwithusuallyhighlyformalizedprescriptionsonhowtointegrateOHSMwithinlargeandcomplexorganizationsandalsocomprehensivedemandsondocumentation.
This“managementsystems”frommustmeetstringentcriteria.Wheretheserequirementsofa“systems”arenotmet,thenthetermissaidtobeinapplicable.Ontheotherhand,“systematicmanagement”isdescribedas“…alimitednumberofmandatedprinciplesforasystematicmanagementofOHS,applicabletoalltypesofemployersincludingthesmallones”.
ThisapproachstemsfrommethodsofregulationfoundinEuropeaswellasAustralia,wherebusinesses,includingsmallerones,areencouragedorrequiredtocomplywithalessdemandingframeworkthan“managementsystems”.Oneexampleofthissimplerregulatoryframeworkmightbetheriskassessmentprincipleswithinthe1989/391EuropeanUnionFrameworkDirective.
SupportforsuchalooseapproachtoOHSMalsoexistsinAustralia.OneemployerexpertonOHSdefinedsystemssimplyas“justawordforwhatyoudotomanagesafety”.ConsistentwiththisisBottomley’sall-encompassingapproachwhichallowsthat“…anOHSMScanbesimpleorcomplex,itcanbehighlydocumentedorsparinglydescribed,anditcanbehomegrownorbasedonanavailablemodel”.Anexampleofarelativelysimple“systematic”approachtothemanagementofoccupationalhealthandsafetyistobefoundin“SmallBusinessSafetySolutions”-abookletforsmallbusinesspublishedbytheAustral
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 职业 健康 安全管理 体系 安全 文化 英文翻译