语境在关联理论中的作用1Word格式.docx
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语境在关联理论中的作用1Word格式.docx
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(进一步探讨语境在关联理论中的作用)
WhenreadingthepaperApplicationsofrelevancetheorytotranslation-aconciseoverviewwrittenbyErnst-AugustGuttforthefirsttimeandtryingtofigureoutwhatdetailedandsystematicinformationGuttfocuseson,Ifeelthatitisdifficultformetodigestsomeoftheinformationinitbecauseofthefactthattherearemanyprofessionalandobscureterms.Formanydays,Ifeelnervousandfrustrated.Afterreadingitmorethantentimes,fortunately,Icouldgraspsomeideasofthispaper.ACloserLookontheRoleofContextinRelevanceTheory
WhenreadingthepaperApplicationsofrelevancetheorytotranslation-aconciseoverviewwrittenbyErnst-AugustGuttforthefirsttimeandtryingtofigureoutwhatdetailedandsystematicinformationGuttfocuseson,Ifeelthatitisdifficultformetodigestsomeoftheinformationinitbecauseofthefactthattherearemanyprofessionalandobscureterms.Formanydays,Ifeelnervousandfrustrated.Afterreadingitmorethantentimes,fortunately,Icouldgraspsomeideasofthispaper.
InthepaperofApplicationsofrelevancetheorytotranslation-aconciseoverview,Guttgaveusaverydetailedandsystematicdescriptionaboutrelevancetheoryfromthefollowingthreeperspectives:
firstly,briefbackgroundinformationabouttherelevancetheoryofcommunicationwhichwasdevelopedbySperberandWilsoninthemidnineteeneightiesanditdidnottakelongbeforeitwasappliedtotranslation.Secondlythekeyfeaturesofrelevancetheory.Thirdly,fourdevelopmentStagesofrelevancetheorywhichare:
Initially,relevance-theoriststreatedtranslation-inpassing-asaninstanceoftheinterpretiveuseoflanguagerelyingonresemblanceinsemanticrepresentationorlogicalform.Then,withintheframeworkofcognition,translationcanbeaccountedformoreadequatelyasinterlingualinterpretiveuseingeneral,withouttherestrictiontoresemblanceinlogicalform.Next,Laterdevelopmentsinrelevancetheoryintroducedthenotionofmetarepresentationtocomplementthatofinterpretiveuse.ThefinalstageisTranslationashigher-orderactofcommunication.
Gutthasputforwardtherelevance-theoreticapproachtotranslationtoprovideaunifiedtheoreticframework,andlayafoundationfortheontologicalandmethodologicalprobeintotranslationstudies.Heattemptedtoconstructatheoreticmodeltoillustratethetranslationprocess.However,intheprocessofreadingthispaper,IfoundthatmanyconceptstalkedaboutbyGuttareabstract.Meanwhile,hehasnotgivenadetaileddescriptioninwhatspecificaspectshesearchesforrelevance.
Forexample,Guttnoticedthattheimportanceofcontextintranslationorinthesuccessfulcommunication,thereforehehaswrittenthefollowingsentences,“bythecognitivelawsofcommunication,italsofollowsthatthenatureofthatcontextdeterminesthedegreeofinterpretiveresemblanceachievableinanyparticularcase.Thustherelevance-theoreticaccountbringsoutthecrucialrolewhichcontextplaysintranslation,quiteapartfromthelinguisticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelanguagesinvolved.Aclearunderstandingoftheinfluenceofcontextcanequiptranslators-andtranslationusers-withanewrealismregardingthepossibilitiesandlimitationsoftranslationasamodeofinterlingualcommunication”.
Whereas,hehasnotgivenadetaileddescriptionofhowthetranslationmakescontextualassumptions.AccordingtoWilsonandSperber,contextisapsychologicalconceptanditisasubsetofthehearer’sassumptionsabouttheworld;
morespecifically,itisthesetofpremisesusedininterpretingutterance.Accordingtothisdefinition,contextisaverywidenotionthatcanincludevirtuallyanyphenomenonheldinthehumanmind:
Acontextinthissenseisnotlimitedtoinformationabouttheimmediatephysicalenvironmentortheimmediatelyprecedingutterances.Theypointoutthatthisnotionofcontextalsoincludesthetextsurroundinganutterance.Henceinrelevancetheorycontextdoesnotrefertosomepartoftheexternalenvironmentofthecommunicationpartners,suchasthetextprecedingorfollowinganutterance,situationalcircumstances,culturalfactors,etc.;
itratherreferstopartoftheir“assumptionsabouttheworld”or“cognitiveenvironment”,asitiscalled(Gutt1991:
25).Since,toselectandusetheactualcommunicator-intendedassumptionorcontextualinformationfromamongalltheassumptionstheycouldusefromtheircognitiveenvironmentandwhatkindofassumptionsaremoreaccessiblethanothers.
Inordertoawareofthechangesofthecontext,translatorshavetorealizethatanyalternationofcontextualfactors,whethertheinternalortheexternal,willaffectthecommunicationprocess.Tokeepthemessageculturallyinformativeforthetargetaddressees,translatorsshouldcontinuouslyadopteffectivechoicestomakethecompensationfortheculturalspecificityaccommodatingtothedifferencesoflinguisticandnon-linguisticcontextsinthetextproduction.Thus,translationcanbeseenasacontinuousprocessofdynamicadaptationtothelinguisticandculturalcontextsofboththesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage.
Thesuccessofcommunicationcandependverymuchonwhethertheaudienceusestherightcommunicator-intendedcontext.Theuseofwrongcontextualinformationcanleadtoacompletefailureofthecommunicationattempt.Thisinturnraisesthequestion:
iftheuseoftherightcontextissocrucial,howcanitbeachieved?
Inpreparationforaddressingthatquestion,somethingneedstobesaidaboutthenotionofcontextasunderstoodinrelevancetheory.
Theadaptationtheoryproposesthatlanguageusingisanadaptationprocessinwhichcontinuouslinguisticchoicesaremadebecauseofthedifferentlinguisticandextra-linguisticcontextualfactors.Moreover,contextualfactorsplayacrucialroleinthechoiceoftranslationstrategy,andontheotherhand,theproperstrategyinaspecificcontextcandeterminewhethertheappropriateimplicaturemayormaynotbesensiblyderivedbythetargetlanguagereaderinaforeignlanguage.
Gutt’srelevanttheoryisofgreatsignificanceintranslationstudies.Thistheoryhasbeenwidelyusedtogrammar,syntax,semantics,literature,metaphor,irony,politeness,humor,andsoon.Manyscholarsmanagetoquotehistheorytosupporttheirownviews.Tobetterunderstandtherelevancetheoryandit’svalue,itseemsquiteessentialtohaveagreatmasteryofhistheoryandthinkoveritsvalue,shortcomingsandenlightenmentthetheoryhasbroughttotranslationresearch.
Whereas,hehasnotgivenadetaileddescriptionofhowthetranslationmakescontextualassumptions.AccordingtoWilsonandSperber,contextisapsychologicalconceptanditisa
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