人教版选择性必修二 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking11.docx
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人教版选择性必修二 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking11.docx
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人教版选择性必修二SectionⅠReadingandThinking11
Unit1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS
主题语境——人与社会之科学与技术
【语境概说】本单元的话题内容是“科学精神与科学家”,它属于“人与社会”这一主题语境下的“科学与技术”。
本单元的主要内容包括中外科学家执着的探索精神和创新改革精神,科学家们在自己的活动中总是既有方向和信心,又有锲而不舍的意志。
通过本单元的学习,学生在语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力方面,尤其在思想意识方面将得到激励与提高。
Thoughtistheruleroftheuniverseforever.思想永远是宇宙的统治者。
Withoutgreatdifficulty,therewouldbenogreatcause.
不经巨大的困难,不会有伟大的事业。
Scienceisahumanwisdomofthehighestachievements,andthesourceofthemostpromisingmaterialwell-being.
科学既是人类智慧的最高成果,又是最有希望的物质福利的源泉。
SectionⅠ ReadingandThinking
(1)
1.Discussing—Doyouknowthescientists?
Pleasematchthepictureswiththeintroductions.
(1)C WonaNobelPrizeinMedicinein2015.
(2)DDiscoveredradiumandwontheNobelPrizetwice.
(3)BPutforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.
(4)AInventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybody.
2.Predicting—Lookatthepicturesandreadthetitleofthepassageonpage2-3andpredictwhatthetextisprobablyabout?
The__passage__is__probably__about__John__Snow__who__found__a__way__to__cure__a__kind__of__serious__disease.
1.Firstreading—Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.
(1)Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.
Para.1 A.Thetruthwasthatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.
Para.2B.TheinfluenceofthewayJohnSnowstudieddisease.
Para.3C.JohnSnowwantedtosolvecholeracompletely.
Para.4D.Heneededtoprovethesecondtheoryexplaininghowcholerakilledpeoplewascorrect.
Para.5E.Hefoundtheevidenceandstoppedthedisease.
答案 Para.1C Para.2D Para.3E Para.4A Para.5B
(2)Readfordetails.
①Howdidhefindoutthecauseofthedisease?
By__marking__a__map__where__all__the__dead__people__had__lived.
②Howwas“KingCholera”defeated?
By__stopping__drinking__the__polluted__water.
2.Secondreading—Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.
Researchsteps
What/how
Theories
Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad①airorgermsinfoodor②water.
Process
Snow③markedtheexactplaceswherethepeoplewhodiedhadlived.
④Evidence
·Manydeathsoccurrednearthewater⑤pumpinBroadStreet.
·Somepeopleworkedinthe⑥pubhadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepumpandtheysurvied.
·Awomanandherdaughter⑦diedinanotherpartofLondonaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.
⑧Conclusion
Thepumpwatercarriedcholera⑨germs.
Solution
The⑩handleofthepumpwasremoved.
3.Thirdreading
(1)Summarizing:
Readthepassageagainandtrytosummarizeitsmainideainonesentence.
The__passage__is__about__how__John__Snow__found__the__cause__of__cholera__and__defeated__“King__Cholera”.
(2)Thinkinganddiscussing:
Whatarethegoodqualitiesofgreatscientists?
To__be__patient,__strict,__strong-willed,__ambitious,__intelligent,__hard-working__and__so__on.
1.Pairwork:
HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?
The__answer__is__open.
2.Whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifetopreventourselvesfromgettinginfectedwithalltheseinfectiousdiseases?
The__answer__is__open.
阅读技巧点拨
学会问问题
Onewaytoapproachareadingpassageistoaskquestionsaboutit.Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeplyaboutthetopic.
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.v.赞同
2.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.adj.未加工的,未处理的
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1.themostfeareddisease最可怕的疾病
2.becomefrustrated变得沮丧
3.havetwocontradictorytheories有两个相互矛盾的理论
4.throughSnow’stirelessefforts通过斯诺的不懈努力
5.asubstantialdecrease大量减少
6.thefatherofmodernepidemiology现代流行病学之父
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1.so...that句式
Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.
2.have...done结构
Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.
3.sothat引导目的状语从句
Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.
A
Measles(麻疹)isonlyfoundinhumanbeings.Thereisahighlyeffectiveandsafevaccine(疫苗)forthedisease.So,intheory,measlescouldbedestroyed.
Yetthenumberofmeaslescasesisontherise.
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reportsthat,inthefirstthreemonthsof2019,thenumberofcasesisthreetimeshigherthanitwaslastyear.Africaalonehashada700percentincreasecomparedtolastyear.
TheDemocraticRepublicofCongoreported67,000measlescasesand901measles-relateddeathsin2018.Thisyear,WHOofficialshavenotedmorethan40,000suspectedmeaslescasesinthecountry.Thatnumberincludes284measles-relateddeathsinthefirstweeksof2019.BetweenSeptember2018andFebruary2019,Madagascarreportedover67,000measlescases,including828deaths.
Dr.Fauci,whodirectstheNationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseaseintheUSA,saidthat—onein10childrenwhogetinfectedwithmeasleswillgetanearinfectionthatcouldcausedeafness.Onein20wouldgetpneumonia.Oneinathousandwouldgetbrainswelling,andonetothreeperthousandwoulddie.Tosaythatmeaslesisaslightdiseaseiscompletelyincorrect.
WalterOrensteiniswiththeEmoryUniversityVaccineCenterinAtlanta,Georgia.Hehasspenthislifeworkingtoendmeasles.Orensteinsayspossibleeffectsofthediseaseareworseinpoorcountries.—Inthosecountrieschildrenarealreadyatgreaterrisk.Theymaybemalnourished(营养不良的).Theymayhavedamagedimmunesystems.Theymaybeunderweightandmayhavenoaccesstohealthcaresomeaslesisabigkiller,hesaid.
Youhavea90percentchanceofgettingmeaslesifyouhavenotbeenvaccinatedandyoucomeincontactwithsomeonewhohasit.Dr.RebeccaMartinistheDirectoroftheCenterforGlobalHealthattheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControl.SheisworkingtoremovemeaslesfromAfricacompletely.—Itisveryinfectious.Itwillfindnearlyeverybodywhoisnotprotectedagainstmeasles,Martinsaid.
Healthexpertsadvisepatientstogettwotreatmentsofthemeaslesvaccine.U.S.healthofficialssayeducatingparentsaboutboththediseaseandthevaccineisanimportantstepinstoppingthespread.Equallyimportantismakingvaccinationatopgoalofhealthsystemsworldwide.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。
理论上,麻疹是可以通过接种疫苗被完全攻克的,但实际上麻疹病例从去年到今年呈上涨趋势,尤其是非洲国家的疫情更为严重。
本文进一步讲述了麻疹的后果,易感人群及其传播性,强调要在全球范围重视麻疹疫苗。
1.Thewritershowsthesharpincreaseinmeaslescasesby________.
A.givingexamplesB.listingfigures
C.analyzingcausesD.followingtimeorder
答案 B [推理判断题。
根据文章第三段特别是第四段,通过大量的数据说明麻疹疫情呈上升趋势,所以推断出作者通过列举数字说明麻疹病例的急剧增加。
故选B。
]
2.Thefollowingarethepossibleresultsofmeaslesexcept________.
A.anearinfectionB.pneumonia
C.brainswellingD.beingunderweight
答案 D [细节理解题。
根据第六段Theymaybeunderweight...isabigkiller可知,对于体重偏轻及得不到医疗照顾的人来说,麻疹的危害会更大。
故选D。
]
3.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Youaresuretogetmeaslesifyouhavenotbeenvaccinated.
B.Itissafetocomeincontactwithsomeonewhohasmeasles.
C.Parentsshouldbeeducatedaboutboththediseaseandthevaccine.
D.MakingvaccinationagoalofhealthsystemsisonlynecessaryinAfrica.
答案 C [推理判断题。
根据倒数第一段U.S.healthofficialssay...stoppingthespread可知,对父母进行麻疹疾病及接种疫苗的教育是避免传播的重要途径,从而可以推断,父母应该接受关于这种疾病和疫苗的教育。
故选C。
]
4.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.
A.showtheserioussituationofmeasles
B.provemeaslescouldbedestroyed
C.describetheresultoftheresearchonmeasles
D.warnusofthecausesofmeasles
答案 A [推理判断题。
本文主要讲述理论上,麻疹是可以通过接种疫苗被完全攻克的,但实际上麻疹病例从去年到今年呈上涨趋势,尤其是非洲国家的疫情更为严重。
本文进一步讲述了麻疹的后果,易感人群及其传播性,强调要在全球范围重视麻疹疫苗。
从而可以推断,文章的目的从头到尾都在强调麻疹疫情的严重性,突出接种疫苗的必要性。
故选A。
]
B
Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.
Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen“atrisk”patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:
“Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology.”Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney.“IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare.”
ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.
Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie.“Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient.”ProfYoungsaid,“Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。
文章主要介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病,每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“screen”inParagraph2mean?
A.Comfort.B.Treat.
C.Spot.D.Nurse.
答案 C [词义猜测题。
根据文章第二段sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.(以便医生能够及早采取行动,预防死亡或严重疾病)可以猜测出,人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
]
6.Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?
A.Bystoringbloodsamples.
B.Byanalyzingpatients’cases.
C.Byobservingchan
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